Trust-Aware Routing Protocol Using Hierarchical Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm With Selfish Node Detection in MANET

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are fast, self-organizing, infrastructure-less wireless networks; it is highly suitable for use in emergencies, natural catastrophes, and between places without infrastructure. However, this approach fails to focus on the selfish nodes. To address this, a trust-aware routing protocol using the Hierarchical Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm (HMRFOA) with selfish node detection in MANET (SND-MSWGCN-TRP-MANET) is proposed in this manuscript. Initially, clustering is processed using Localized Sparse Incomplete Multiview Clustering (LSIMVC). The node is clustered by merging or combining two maximum comparable cluster nodes; then, the clustered node is assigned to the Mud Ring Optimization Algorithm (MROA), where the cluster head is selected using the parameters, such as energy (E), distance (Dist), delay (D), and quality of service (QoS). The selected cluster head is fed to the Multiscale Superpixel-Guided Weighted Graph Convolutional Network (MSWGCN) for effectively detecting the selfish node to ensure secure and efficient data routing in MANET. Finally, trust-aware routing is performed using the HMRFOA, where it selects the optimal path. Then, the proposed SND-MSWGCN-TRP-MANET is implemented, and the performance metrics like energy consumption, time consumption, end-to-end delay, throughput, average delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and packet loss ratio (PLR) are examined. The performance of the SND-MSWGCN-TRP-MANET approach attains 14.82%, 21.63%, and 31.57% lower energy consumption and 16.23%, 24.19%, and 31.82% higher throughput when analyzed to the existing techniques, like selfish node trust aware along optimized clustering for dependable routing protocol (SNTA-CRRP-NANET), trust-aware safe energy-efficient hybrid protocol in MANET (TASEP-MANET), and cluster with angular base energy efficient trusted routing protocol in MANET (EPTRP-MANET).