Demonstration of therapeutic effect of plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine biopolymer in rhesus monkey with complete spinal cord section

IF 4.2 3区医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI:10.1007/s10856-025-06862-x

Camilo Ríos, Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos, Israel Grijalva, Axayacatl Morales-Guadarrama, Araceli Diaz-Ruiz, Roberto Olayo, Juan Morales-Corona, María G. Olayo, Guillermo J. Cruz, Rodrigo Mondragón-Lozano, Laura Alvarez-Mejia, Carlos Orozco-Barrios, Stephanie Sánchez-Torres, Omar Fabela-Sánchez, Angélica Coyoy-Salgado, Braulio Hernández-Godínez, Alejandra Ibáñez-Contreras, Marisela Mendez-Armenta

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Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause paralysis, and although multiple therapeutic proposals have been developed in murine models, results have hardly been replicated in humans. As non-human primates (NHP) are more similar to humans than rodents, the current study investigated whether it was possible to reproduce in a NHP, the previously obtained beneficial results by using a plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine (PPy/I) biopolymer, which reduce glial scar formation and inflammatory response and promotes nerve tissue preservation, regenerative processes and functional recovery in rats. In NHPs (Rhesus monkey) with SCI by complete transection (SCT) and with plasma-synthesized PPy/I application (experimental) or without (control), the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood, preservation of nervous tissue through magnetic resonance imaging and histological and morphometric techniques, regeneration through immunohistochemistry study and functional recovery through clinical examination, were evaluated. Control NHP showed a markedly increased of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. experimental NHP, which preserved more nerve tissue. At the end of the follow-up, a thinner glial scar in the injured spinal cord was observed in the experimental NHP as well as regenerative nerve processes (NeuN and β-III tubulin expression), while control NHP had a marked glial scar, large cysts and less nerve tissue at the injured zone. Plasma-synthesized PPy/I also reduced the loss of pelvic limb muscle mass and allowed the experimental NHP recovered knee-jerk, withdrawal and plantar reflexes as well as movement in the hind limbs. Since most of the beneficial effects of plasma-synthesized PPy/I previously reported in rats were also observed in the NHP, these preliminary findings make their replication in humans with SCI more likely.

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来源期刊

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine publishes refereed papers providing significant progress in the application of biomaterials and tissue engineering constructs as medical or dental implants, prostheses and devices. Coverage spans a wide range of topics from basic science to clinical applications, around the theme of materials in medicine and dentistry. The central element is the development of synthetic and natural materials used in orthopaedic, maxillofacial, cardiovascular, neurological, ophthalmic and dental applications. Special biomedical topics include biomaterial synthesis and characterisation, biocompatibility studies, nanomedicine, tissue engineering constructs and cell substrates, regenerative medicine, computer modelling and other advanced experimental methodologies.