A Parallel Multistepped-Impedance Transmission Line (PMSITL)-Based Microwave Measurement System for Characterizing Binary Aqueous Mixtures

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2025.3526774

Wen-Jing Wu;Hao Xie;Wen-Sheng Zhao;Wensong Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A parallel multistepped-impedance transmission line (PMSITL)-based microwave measurement system for retrieving complex permittivity of binary aqueous mixtures is proposed in this article. The proposed measurement system is composed of a standard characteristic impedance transmission line with multistepped-impedance resonators connected in parallel, a reflective radio frequency (RF) oscillator based on pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) ATF34143, and a frequency demodulation circuit. The transmission coefficient phase of standard characteristic impedance transmission line with parallel multistepped-impedance resonators (PMSIRs) loaded is utilized to detect the permittivity of liquid samples, the optimal parameter values of PMSITL are calculated by analyzing the mathematical model of PMSIR-based transmission line, and the optimal parameter values of PMSITL imply the highest change rate of transmission coefficient phase with regard to permittivity. Next, the reflective RF oscillator is constituted by a PMSIR-based transmission line and PHEMT ATF34143 is designed by negative impedance theory, which adopts the oscillation frequency to measure the permittivity of liquid samples. To improve the system integration level, the frequency demodulation circuit is added to the RF oscillator, which can transform the change of oscillation frequency into the variation of direct current (dc) voltage. In measurement, the proposed microwave measurement system exhibits an average sensitivity of approximately 0.2287% and 1.01% for the two channels, which are increased by dozens of times compared to state-of-the-art microwave sensors.

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来源期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

14.00%

发文量

2058

审稿时长

5.2 months

期刊介绍： The fields of interest of the IEEE Sensors Journal are the theory, design , fabrication, manufacturing and applications of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics and physics aspect of sensors and integrated sensors-actuators. IEEE Sensors Journal deals with the following: -Sensor Phenomenology, Modelling, and Evaluation -Sensor Materials, Processing, and Fabrication -Chemical and Gas Sensors -Microfluidics and Biosensors -Optical Sensors -Physical Sensors: Temperature, Mechanical, Magnetic, and others -Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensors -Sensor Packaging -Sensor Networks -Sensor Applications -Sensor Systems: Signals, Processing, and Interfaces -Actuators and Sensor Power Systems -Sensor Signal Processing for high precision and stability (amplification, filtering, linearization, modulation/demodulation) and under harsh conditions (EMC, radiation, humidity, temperature); energy consumption/harvesting -Sensor Data Processing (soft computing with sensor data, e.g., pattern recognition, machine learning, evolutionary computation; sensor data fusion, processing of wave e.g., electromagnetic and acoustic; and non-wave, e.g., chemical, gravity, particle, thermal, radiative and non-radiative sensor data, detection, estimation and classification based on sensor data) -Sensors in Industrial Practice