Tailored recycled composites: Enhancing the performance of injection moulded post-consumer polypropylene composites using Box-Behnken Design

IF 5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108743

Zahra Shahroodi , David Zidar , Vahid Momeni , Florian Arbeiter , Ivica Duretek , Nina Krempl , Gerald Berger-Weber , Clemens Holzer

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of material composition and processing parameters on glass fibre-reinforced recycled polypropylene (rPP) flakes through mechanical and rheological testing. Using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken Design (BBD) within Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the effects of glass fibre flake content, additive content, and extruder screw speed on the properties of injection-moulded samples were evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cross-validation were conducted to assess the influence of these parameters on tensile and rheological properties. The key objective was to maximize tensile modulus (E_t) without compromising tensile strength. The results showed a 60 % increase in E_t by optimizing extruder screw speed and flake content, achieving the highest E_t (4.1 GPa) at a screw speed of 150 rpm, 50 wt% flake content, and 5 wt% additive. The additive contributed up to a 20 % increase in E_t but primarily influenced rheological behaviour. Glass fibre flake content was the most significant factor affecting mechanical and rheological properties, with additive content enhancing flow characteristics. These findings highlight the potential to optimize glass fibre-reinforced rPP composites for improved performance, offering a sustainable material solution for applications in diverse industries.

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定制回收复合材料：使用Box-Behnken设计增强注塑成型消费后聚丙烯复合材料的性能

通过力学和流变学测试，研究了材料组成和工艺参数对玻璃纤维增强再生聚丙烯（rPP）薄片的影响。采用响应面法（RSM）中的三因素、三层次Box-Behnken设计（BBD），评估了玻璃纤维薄片含量、添加剂含量和挤出机螺杆转速对注塑样品性能的影响。方差分析（ANOVA）和交叉验证评估这些参数对拉伸和流变性能的影响。关键目标是在不影响抗拉强度的情况下最大化拉伸模量（Et）。结果表明，通过优化挤出机螺杆转速和片状含量，Et提高了60%，在螺杆转速为150 rpm、片状含量为50 wt%、添加剂含量为5 wt%时，Et达到最高（4.1 GPa）。添加剂贡献了高达20%的增加Et，但主要影响流变行为。玻璃纤维鳞片含量是影响其力学和流变性能最显著的因素，添加剂含量增强了其流动特性。这些发现强调了优化玻璃纤维增强rPP复合材料以提高性能的潜力，为不同行业的应用提供了可持续的材料解决方案。

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来源期刊

Polymer Testing 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

5.90%

发文量

328

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Testing focuses on the testing, analysis and characterization of polymer materials, including both synthetic and natural or biobased polymers. Novel testing methods and the testing of novel polymeric materials in bulk, solution and dispersion is covered. In addition, we welcome the submission of the testing of polymeric materials for a wide range of applications and industrial products as well as nanoscale characterization. The scope includes but is not limited to the following main topics: Novel testing methods and Chemical analysis • mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, imaging, spectroscopy, scattering and rheology Physical properties and behaviour of novel polymer systems • nanoscale properties, morphology, transport properties Degradation and recycling of polymeric materials when combined with novel testing or characterization methods • degradation, biodegradation, ageing and fire retardancy Modelling and Simulation work will be only considered when it is linked to new or previously published experimental results.