Why go blind if you can see the airway?: ¿Por qué ir a ciegas, si se puede visualizar la vía aérea?

Abstract

Airway management is a critical aspect of anesthesiology, essential for ensuring patient safety during various medical interventions, including surgery, emergency care, and critical care settings. Despite advancements, difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation remain significant challenges, particularly in emergency scenarios, posing risks of hypoxia, brain damage, and death. This article examines the efficacy of videolaryngoscopy (VLS) and video laryngeal mask airways (VLMA) in improving airway management outcomes compared to traditional techniques across diverse clinical environments. We conducted a comprehensive review of literature and current practices, analyzing the advantages and limitations of VLS and VLMA. The paper highlights the importance of visualization in airway management and evaluates the effectiveness of these devices in various settings. VLS and VLMA offer several benefits over traditional direct laryngoscopy, including enhanced glottic visualization, higher first-attempt success rates, reduced rates of oxygen desaturation, and fewer adverse events. These devices provide a larger angle of view and allow for real-time monitoring, improving overall patient safety. Additionally, they serve as excellent educational tools for training anesthesiologists and other healthcare providers involved in airway management. In emergency and critical care scenarios, the rapid and accurate placement of airway devices is crucial. VLS and VLMA facilitate quicker and more reliable intubation, reducing the likelihood of complications such as esophageal intubation or airway trauma. These technologies also allow for better teamwork and coordination as the airway view can be shared with the entire medical team. The adoption of VLS and VLMA as standard practice in airway management can significantly enhance visualization and success rates, reducing the risk of complications. These devices should be integrated into routine clinical use to improve patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to optimize their application and explore advancements such as artificial intelligence in airway management.