BCGitis and BCGosis spectrum of imaging findings in immunocompromised pediatric patients.

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Pediatric Radiology Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI:10.1007/s00247-025-06182-w

Latifah Alfahad, Ayman Khushaim, Waleed Alhabeeb, Abdullah Alzayed, Musab Almushayqih

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern despite preventive measures, such as the use of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which reduces the risk and severity of early-life TB infection. The adverse effects of the BCG vaccine include infection by the live-attenuated organism, more commonly seen in the immunocompromised host. This pictorial review aims to outline the imaging spectrum of BCG-vaccine-related infections in immunocompromised pediatric patients, which can be localized (BCGitis) or disseminated (BCGosis). We illustrate the more common imaging findings, including lymphadenopathy and involvement of solid organs, as well as less frequently encountered sites, such as the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, emphasizing their distinct imaging patterns. Interpretation of these findings in the context of prior administration of the BCG vaccine not only helps in the diagnosis of BCG-vaccine-related infections and guiding timely management, but can also be an early indicator of an underlying immunodeficiency disorder, prompting comprehensive immunological investigation.

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小儿免疫功能低下患者BCGitis和BCGosis的影像学表现。

尽管采取了预防措施，例如使用卡介苗（Bacille calmette - gusamrin， BCG）疫苗，降低了生命早期感染结核病的风险和严重程度，但结核病仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。卡介苗的不良反应包括被减毒活菌感染，更常见于免疫功能低下的宿主。这篇图片综述旨在概述免疫功能低下儿童患者中bcg疫苗相关感染的影像学谱，这些感染可以是局部的（bcgtis）或弥散性的（BCGosis）。我们举例说明了更常见的影像学表现，包括淋巴结病和实体器官的累及，以及不太常见的部位，如肺和胃肠道，强调了它们独特的影像学模式。在先前接种卡介苗的背景下解释这些发现不仅有助于诊断卡介苗相关感染并指导及时处理，而且还可以作为潜在免疫缺陷疾病的早期指标，促进全面的免疫学调查。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Pediatric Radiology 医学-核医学

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

17.40%

发文量

300

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Official Journal of the European Society of Pediatric Radiology, the Society for Pediatric Radiology and the Asian and Oceanic Society for Pediatric Radiology Pediatric Radiology informs its readers of new findings and progress in all areas of pediatric imaging and in related fields. This is achieved by a blend of original papers, complemented by reviews that set out the present state of knowledge in a particular area of the specialty or summarize specific topics in which discussion has led to clear conclusions. Advances in technology, methodology, apparatus and auxiliary equipment are presented, and modifications of standard techniques are described. Manuscripts submitted for publication must contain a statement to the effect that all human studies have been reviewed by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in an appropriate version of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. It should also be stated clearly in the text that all persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Details that might disclose the identity of the subjects under study should be omitted.