In vitro characterization of potential botanicals to reduce infection and improve the rate of wound healing in humans and canines.

Abstract

Wounds in both humans and canines are injuries that result in damage to the body's tissues. Wounds can range from minor superficial scratches to severe and deep injuries. Complications of wounds, both in humans and canines, can range from mild to severe. Proper wound care and timely treatment are essential to prevent complications and promote healing. One of the most common and concerning complications of wounds is infection. When the skin is broken, bacteria and other pathogens can enter the wound leading to an infection. In severe cases, infections can spread, causing systemic issues and even sepsis, which can be life-threatening. Some wounds may have difficulty healing properly, leading to delayed wound closure. This can occur due to various factors including poor blood supply to the wound site, certain medical conditions, age, and nutritional deficiencies. Early intervention and appropriate wound care are crucial in reducing the risk of complications. This study screened the ability of various botanical extracts (prepared in both low and high ethanol) to reduce the replication of common microbes associated with wound infectionin both humans (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and canines (Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Malassezia pachydermatous). This study also assessed the ability of these botanical extracts to improve the rate of wound healing using an in vitro cell culture 'scratch' assay in both human and canine keratinocytes (HACAT and CPEK cell lines, respectively). Results demonstrated that extracts from Eucalyptus globulus, Juglans nigra, Larrea tridentata, Salvia officinalis, and Zingiber officinale had broad antimicrobial activity, while extracts from Achillea millefolium, Aloe vera, and Usnea barbata improved the rate of wound closure. The results support the development of a potential formulation of botanical extracts that may reduce infection while improving wound closure.