Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Pneumonia in a Healthy Adult Presenting With Pulmonary Nodules and Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that affects more than 90% of people worldwide. It is usually spread through saliva. Although most infections show no symptoms or only lead to mono, uncommon complications such as respiratory issues can arise, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. While rare, cases of EBV-related pneumonia, lung nodules, and venous thromboembolism have been occasionally reported. A 17-year-old male came in with fever, dyspnea, massive hemoptysis, and sore throat. Numerous pulmonary nodules were shown in imaging. According to broncho-alveolar lavage, and biopsy results EBV-induced pneumonia was diagnosed. During hospitalization, the patient also experienced deep vein thrombosis and needed heparin treatment. The current study contributes to the increasing amount of research on unusual displays of EBV in healthy adults. It highlights the significance of considering EBV in the differential diagnosis for healthy adults with unexplained pulmonary nodules and venous thromboembolism.