Future challenges in the conservation and valuation of environmental services provided by the seagrass meadows of "Posidonia oceanica"

Abstract

Posidonia meadows are an endemic ecosystem of the Mediterranean Sea of great ecological value and diversity. They are a key agent in the fight against climate change due to their capacity as a natural carbon sink, they protect beaches and coasts from erosion, oxygenate and increase the clarity of the waters, host a great biodiversity of species and are the natural setting for new tourist practices, which support and diversify the economy of coastal areas. However, despite these important benefits this marine green infrastructure has undergone a notable transformation in recent decades brought about by urban, tourist, industrial, and agricultural development along the Mediterranean coast. As a result, it faces increasingly greater anthropogenic pressures. The aim of this article is to analyze the existing bibliography of articles collected in the Journal Citation Report, and to understand current research trends related to the marine habitat of Posidonia oceanica meadows through keywords and subsequently contrast these through a panel of experts. The preservation of marine biodiversity and the fishing habitat is highlighted as the main priority for most experts. Significant negative externalities, such as coastal pollution and climate change, are recognized, while there is general agreement on positive externalities in protected areas and education. In conclusion, research into the Posidonia oceanica meadows has experienced continuous growth due to their recognized ecological importance and the growing concern for externalities. There is a clear interest in understanding environmental factors, highlighting the relevance of climate change and ecosystem services.