Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants in Grenada, West Indies

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI:10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101218

Camille-Marie Coomansingh-Springer , Camila de Queiroz , Ray Kaplan , Calum N.L. Macpherson , Kenrith Carter , Paul Fields , John S. Gilleard , Rhonda Pinckney

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Abstract

Economic losses and adverse effects on animals' health and productivity due to gastrointestinal parasites constitute a significant challenge for expanding and improving the small ruminant industry in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the diversity and geographic distribution of gastrointestinal parasites infecting small ruminants in Grenada. Seven hundred and thirteen fecal samples from 159 sheep and 554 goats from 64 farms in Grenada, Carriacou, and Petite Martinique were collected for coprological examination. Of 713 sheep and goat samples, 640 were positive for gastrointestinal parasites, yielding an overall prevalence of 90 % (CI _95%, 88 to 92 %). Of the 554 goat samples, 95 % were positive for parasites (525/554; CI _95%, 93 to 97 %), and for the 159 sheep, 72 % were positive (115/159; CI _95%_, 65 to 79 %). In goats, the most common parasites observed were Strongyles, 90 % (CI₉_5%_, 87 to 92 %); Eimeria spp., 50 % (CI_95%_, 46 to 54 %); Strongyloides, 7 % (CI_95%_, 5 to 9 %); Moniezia, 6 % (CI₉_5%_, 5 to 9 %); and Trichuris, 5% (CI_95%_, 4 to 7 %). Sheep showed a similar pattern with the most common parasites identified being Strongyles, 52 % (CI_95%, 44 to 59 %); Eimeria spp., 50 % (CI_95%, 42 to 57 %); Strongyloides, 6 % (CI_95%, 3 to 11 %); Moniezia, 6 % (CI_95%, 3 to 10 %); and Trichuris, 3 % (CI_95%, 1 to 7 %). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections was higher in goats (p < 0.0001), due to the higher prevalence of Strongyles. The proportion of goats with zero parasites was significantly less than the proportion of sheep (p < 0.0001). Larval identification using coproculture analysis performed on pooled fecal samples from each farm to determine the GIN percentages and the overall mean indicated that Haemonchus was the most common genus identified, with an overall mean of 56 %, followed by Trichostrongylus (31 %), Oesophagostomum (13 %) and Cooperia (0.1 %). Nemabiome analysis based on deep amplicon sequencing demonstrated the presence of six nematode species: Haemonchus contortus (42 %), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (38 %), Oesophagostomum columbianum (12 %), Oesophagostomum asperum (7 %), Cooperia punctata (0.4 %) and Cooperia spatulata (0.1 %).

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西印度群岛格林纳达小反刍动物胃肠道寄生虫的流行

胃肠道寄生虫造成的经济损失以及对动物健康和生产力的不利影响，对发展中国家扩大和改善小型反刍动物产业构成了重大挑战。本研究旨在确定格林纳达小反刍动物胃肠道寄生虫的多样性和地理分布。从格林纳达、卡里亚库和小马提尼克岛64个农场的159只绵羊和554只山羊中收集了713份粪便样本进行了泌尿学检查。在713只绵羊和山羊样本中，640只胃肠道寄生虫呈阳性，总体患病率为90% （CI 95%, 88 - 92%）。在554份山羊样本中，95%呈寄生虫阳性(525/554；CI 95%, 93 ~ 97%)，在159只羊中，72%呈阳性(115/159；可信区间95%，65 ~ 79%)。山羊中最常见的寄生虫为圆形线虫，占90% (CI95%, 87 ~ 92 %)；艾美耳球虫50% (CI95%, 46 ~ 54%)；圆形线虫，7% (CI95%, 5 ~ 9%)；莫尼兹亚菌，6% (CI95%, 5 ~ 9%)；5% （CI95%, 4 ~ 7%）。绵羊表现出类似的模式，最常见的寄生虫是圆形线虫，占52% (CI95%, 44 - 59%)；艾美耳球虫50% (CI95%, 42 ~ 57%)；类圆线虫，6% (CI95%, 3 ~ 11%)；莫尼兹亚菌，6% (CI95%, 3 ~ 10%)；3 % （CI95%, 1 ~ 7%）。胃肠道线虫（GIN）感染的总体患病率在山羊中较高(p <；0.0001)，这是因为斯特朗氏菌的患病率较高。无寄生虫的山羊比例显著低于绵羊比例(p <；0.0001)。通过对每个养殖场收集的粪便样本进行共育分析鉴定幼虫，以确定GIN百分比和总体平均值，结果表明Haemonchus是鉴定出的最常见属，总体平均值为56%，其次是毛线虫（31%）、食道口虫（13%）和Cooperia（0.1%）。基于深度扩增子测序的线虫组分析显示存在6种线虫：弯血线虫（42%）、色状毛线虫（38%）、柱状食道线虫（12%）、粗口食道线虫（7%）、斑点Cooperia（0.4%）和刮刀Cooperia（0.1%）。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

7.10%

发文量

126

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports focuses on aspects of veterinary parasitology that are of regional concern, which is especially important in this era of climate change and the rapid and often unconstrained travel of people and animals. Relative to regions, this journal will accept papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites within the field of veterinary medicine. Also, case reports will be considered as they add to information related to local disease and its control; such papers must be concise and represent appropriate medical intervention. Papers on veterinary parasitology from wildlife species are acceptable, but only if they relate to the practice of veterinary medicine. Studies on vector-borne bacterial and viral agents are suitable, but only if the paper deals with vector transmission of these organisms to domesticated animals. Studies dealing with parasite control by means of natural products, both in vivo and in vitro, are more suited for one of the many journals that now specialize in papers of this type. However, due to the regional nature of much of this research, submissions may be considered based upon a case being made by the author(s) to the Editor. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o W.H.O., Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).