Chemometrics applications in omics studies (Metabolomics, Lipidomics, and Proteomics) for halal authentication in food and pharmaceutical products

Abstract

As awareness of using halal products increases, the halal status of food and pharmaceutical products is receiving heightened attention. Omic-based analytical methods such as Metabolomics, Lipidomics, and Proteomics have been tested to authenticate the halal status of these products. The metabolites, lipids, and amino acids in halal food and pharmaceutical products differ from those in non-halal products. These differences can be used as references for determining halal status. One main challenge in omics-based analysis, is managing the vast amount of data on metabolite, lipid, and amino acid. Advanced analysis techniques are needed to draw conclusions on the halal authenticity of products. This challenge can be addressed through chemometric analysis. Chemometrics can reduce large datasets generated from omics studies into easily understandable visualizations that distinguish between halal and non-halal products. Using PCA, PLS, and LS-SVM analysis, the distinct metabolites, lipids, and amino acids between halal and non-halal products become clearly identifiable. PLS-DA and OPLS-DA can predict potential markers for determining halal status. Validated chemometric methods provide a fast, practical and efficient approach for authenticating the halal status of food and pharmaceutical products.