Complementarity in renewable energy sources: Insights from scientometric analysis

Abstract

Renewable energy sources (RESs) enhance reliability and sustainability through complementarity by strategically combining different energy types to improve power generation stability. However, they also face challenges such as variability and intermittency, which can impact the consistency of energy supply. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of scientometric analyses that evaluate global trends, key contributors, and emerging methodologies in complementarity studies. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a scientometric analysis of existing research, identifying influential studies, methodologies, and collaboration patterns. Using a structured framework, the methodology includes data retrieval, selection criteria, and analysis, providing insights into the current state of research. Findings reveal that a significant proportion of publications originate from a limited number of countries, suggesting a need for broader geographical representation. Additionally, there has been a consistent increase in the annual number of publications since 2017. The paper also highlights key mechanisms for mitigating variability, including optimized hybrid system planning, strategic geographic dispersion of energy resources, and the integration of advanced forecasting and storage technologies. Wind, solar, and hydro combinations are widely studied, with strong seasonal and spatial synergies that reduce reliance on energy storage. Advanced methodologies, such as GIS-based analysis and machine learning, are increasingly used to optimize hybrid system configurations. However, regional constraints and variability require tailored integration strategies, as findings are not always universally applicable. In essence, the study recommends optimizing hybrid systems, strategically distributing resources across diverse locations, and integrating advanced forecasting and storage technologies to enhance grid stability and reliability.