Biomarker identification in warehouse beetle (Trogoderma variabile) larvae: Tracking metabolic shifts across grain hosts

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2025.104983

Thamer Al-Shuwaili , Khalid Mohammed , Pushpendra Koli , Sonu Kumar Mahawer , Anup Kumar

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Abstract

This study applied direct immersed solid phase microextraxtion (DI-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to study the metabolite profile of Trogoderma variabile using various host grains viz. barley, canola, maize, oats, rice and wheat. The aim was to explore the metabolite variations and how these variations could be influenced by different host grains. Additionally, the hydrocarbons profiling from larvae as a chemical marker for identifying morphologically similar insect species such as T. granarium. Various samples of T. variabile larave, reared on six different host grains. Acetonitile was used for sample extraction and three phase SPME fiber directly immersed for analytes adsorption. Compounds were separated and identified using GC-MS. Significant effects were observed on the insect chemicals identified from T. variabile adults, such as fatty acid and hydrocarbons. The results also showed that the host grains significantly influenced the identified compounds at different larval stages. The major compounds viz. n-hexadecanoic acid, heptacosane and 13-methylheptacosane identified during third instar larvae stage across all host grains. However, there was high variability in chemical compounds observed at the sixth larval stage.

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本研究采用直接浸入式固相微萃取（DI-SPME）与气相色谱质谱联用（GCMS）技术，利用大麦、油菜籽、玉米、燕麦、水稻和小麦等不同寄主谷物研究变种蛙皮蠹的代谢物特征。目的是探索代谢物的变化以及这些变化如何受到不同寄主谷物的影响。此外，从幼虫中提取碳氢化合物作为化学标记，用于识别形态相似的昆虫物种，如 T. granarium。在六种不同寄主谷物上饲养的变种谷斑皮蠹幼虫的各种样本。样品提取使用乙腈，分析物吸附直接浸入三相 SPME 纤维。使用气相色谱-质谱对化合物进行分离和鉴定。从变种蝇成虫中鉴定出的昆虫化学物质（如脂肪酸和碳氢化合物）受到了显著影响。结果还显示，宿主谷物对不同幼虫阶段的已鉴定化合物有显著影响。在所有寄主谷物中，第三龄幼虫阶段鉴定出的主要化合物为正十六烷酸、七烷和 13-甲基七烷。不过，在第六龄幼虫阶段观察到的化合物差异很大。

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来源期刊

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 生物-进化生物学

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

12.50%

发文量

147

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Biochemical Systematics and Ecology is devoted to the publication of original papers and reviews, both submitted and invited, in two subject areas: I) the application of biochemistry to problems relating to systematic biology of organisms (biochemical systematics); II) the role of biochemistry in interactions between organisms or between an organism and its environment (biochemical ecology). In the Biochemical Systematics subject area, comparative studies of the distribution of (secondary) metabolites within a wider taxon (e.g. genus or family) are welcome. Comparative studies, encompassing multiple accessions of each of the taxa within their distribution are particularly encouraged. Welcome are also studies combining classical chemosystematic studies (such as comparative HPLC-MS or GC-MS investigations) with (macro-) molecular phylogenetic studies. Studies that involve the comparative use of compounds to help differentiate among species such as adulterants or substitutes that illustrate the applied use of chemosystematics are welcome. In contrast, studies solely employing macromolecular phylogenetic techniques (gene sequences, RAPD studies etc.) will be considered out of scope. Discouraged are manuscripts that report known or new compounds from a single source taxon without addressing a systematic hypothesis. Also considered out of scope are studies using outdated and hard to reproduce macromolecular techniques such as RAPDs in combination with standard chemosystematic techniques such as GC-FID and GC-MS.