Smartphone-based optical fiber sensor for refractive index sensing using POF

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116321

Muhammad Saleh Urf Kumail Haider , Chen Chen , Abdul Ghaffar , Laraib Unsa Noor , Min Liu , Sadam Hussain , Bipu Arman , Moath Alathbah

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper presents a portable optical fiber sensor (OFS) for refractive index (R.I.) sensing, fabricated using two pieces of bare polymer optical fibers (POFs). The proposed sensor design utilizes the twisted macro-bending and optical coupling (TMBOC) technique, where two optical fibers are twisted and coupled, leading to power coupling from the primary fiber (PF) to the coupled fiber (CF). A 3D-printed smartphone casing is used to attach the sensor with a smartphone, connecting the fibers to the flashlight and camera. The R.I. sensing relies on the power loss coupling phenomenon, in which light travels to the PF and the CF couples the power, resulting in intensity variations as the surrounding R.I. medium changes. The proposed R.I. sensor with an 8-mm radius exhibits the maximum sensitivity with different NaCl concentration liquids, with an R.I. range of 1.333–1.361 and a sensitivity of 137.2 ± 2.3 %/RIU. The experimental findings indicate the sensor's excellent stability and reliability. The sensor's straightforward, comprehensive, and cost-effective design enables its application in chemical, petroleum, biomedical, and other industries.

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基于智能手机的光纤传感器，利用 POF 进行折射率传感

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...