Dental pulp stem cells as a novel antifibrotic therapy for oral submucous fibrosis: An in vitro study

Q1 Medicine

Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.002

Snehalata Narvekar , Shridhar D. Baliga , Punnya V Angadi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, potentially malignant disorder associated with areca nut consumption. It is characterized by progressive fibrosis, trismus, and a significant risk of malignancy, with limited treatment options primarily offering symptomatic relief. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have shown potential for modulating fibrotic conditions through their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. This study evaluates the antifibrotic potential of DPSCs on OSMF fibroblasts in an in vitro model.

Methods

DPSCs were isolated from healthy permanent teeth and characterized using flow cytometry for MSC markers (CD73, CD90, CD44, CD105). Fibroblasts were cultured from OSMF biopsy samples and validated through magnetic sorting and morphological analysis. The antifibrotic effects of DPSCs on fibroblasts were evaluated using assays for collagen gel contraction, proliferation, TGF-β1 secretion, and morphological changes. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using appropriate tests.

Results

The mean collagen gel size decreased from 3.235 mm (95 % CI: 1.65–4.82 mm) in the control group to 1.00 mm (95 % CI: −0.27 – 2.27 mm) in the DPSC-treated group. Fibroblast viability declined significantly over 72 h (p < 0.05). TGF-β1 secretion was markedly lower in DPSC-treated fibroblasts (339.38 pg/mL vs 637.61 pg/mL, p = 0.000393, Cohen's d = 19.15).

Conclusion

DPSCs exhibit strong antifibrotic properties by inhibiting collagen contraction, suppressing fibroblast proliferation, and reducing TGF-β1 secretion. These findings suggest DPSCs as a promising cell-based therapy for OSMF. Further in vivo studies are warranted for clinical translation.

Trial registration number

Not applicable.

Abstract Image

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来源期刊

Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research Medicine-Otorhinolaryngology

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

133

审稿时长

167 days

期刊介绍： Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research (JOBCR)is the official journal of the Craniofacial Research Foundation (CRF). The journal aims to provide a common platform for both clinical and translational research and to promote interdisciplinary sciences in craniofacial region. JOBCR publishes content that includes diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the mouth and jaws and face region; diagnosis and medical management of diseases specific to the orofacial tissues and of oral manifestations of systemic diseases; studies on identifying populations at risk of oral disease or in need of specific care, and comparing regional, environmental, social, and access similarities and differences in dental care between populations; diseases of the mouth and related structures like salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin; biomedical engineering, tissue engineering and stem cells. The journal publishes reviews, commentaries, peer-reviewed original research articles, short communication, and case reports.