Combined effect of mercury and ammonia toxicity and its mitigation through selenium nanoparticles in fish

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107270

Anupama Shinde , Rajesh Sharma , Prem Kumar , Tarkeshwar Kumar , Kotha Sammi Reddy , Neeraj Kumar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to mitigate mercury and ammonia toxicity (Hg + NH₃) in Oreochromis niloticus (GIFT strain) using selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). The Se-NPs were synthesized using green methods, employing fish waste as the substrate. Experimental diets were prepared by supplementing Se-NPs at 0, 0.3, and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹. The oxidative stress enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the liver and kidney tissues were significantly reduced by Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ under Hg + NH₃ stress compared to the control and stressor in 20 and 40 day periods. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidney at 20 days and in the liver at 40 days was significantly reduced by supplementation of Se-NPs under similar conditions. The activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), was significantly inhibited by Hg + NH₃ toxicity. Whereas, AChE activity was enhanced by Se-NPs supplementation at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ during 20 and 40 day intervals. The gene expression of HSP70, iNOS, CYP450, Caspase-3a, and TNFα in liver tissue, and MYST in muscle tissue was upregulated by Hg+NH₃ toxicity. However, this upregulation was significantly downregulated by supplementation of Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ under Hg + NH₃ stress. Moreover, immunoglobulin (Ig) and growth hormone (GH) levels were noticeably upregulated with Se-NPs compared to the control and Hg+NH₃ stress. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in liver and gill tissues, were significantly elevated by Hg+NH₃ toxicity, were reduced by Se-NPs diet. Conversely, digestive enzyme activities, including protease, amylase, and lipase, were significantly enhanced by Se-NPs under stress conditions. Dietary supplementation with Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ improved growth performance parameters such as final weight gain percentage, feed conversion ratio, protein conversion ratio, specific growth rate, daily growth index, and relative feed intake compared to the control and other groups. DNA damage, assessed in terms of tail DNA percentage, was significantly reduced with Se-NPs supplementation. Additionally, mercury detoxification was significantly enhanced with Se-NPs-supplemented diets. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that dietary Se-NPs effectively alleviate the adverse effects of mercury and ammonia toxicity by modulating antioxidant status, enhancing immunomodulation, and mitigating stress biomarker impacts through changes in gene expression in fish.

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鱼体内汞和氨毒性的联合效应及其通过纳米硒的缓解作用

采用硒纳米粒子（Se-NPs）对nilochromis （GIFT菌株）进行了汞和氨毒性（Hg + NH₃）的研究。以鱼类废弃物为底物，采用绿色方法合成了Se-NPs。实验饲粮分别添加0、0.3和0.6 mg kg⁻¹的Se-NPs。在Hg + NH₃压力下，与对照组和应激源相比，在20天和40天内，0.3和0.6 mg kg -⁻¹剂量的Se-NPs显著降低了肝脏和肾脏组织中的氧化应激酶，包括过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）。此外，在相似的条件下，添加Se-NPs可显著降低20 d时肾脏和40 d时肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。Hg + NH₃毒性显著抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的活性。然而，在20天和40天的间隔中，补充0.3和0.6 mg kg⁻¹的Se-NPs可以增强AChE活性。Hg+NH₃毒性导致肝组织中HSP70、iNOS、CYP450、Caspase-3a、TNFα基因表达上调，肌肉组织中MYST基因表达上调。然而，在Hg + NH₃压力下，补充0.3和0.6 mg kg⁻¹的Se-NPs显著下调了这种上调。此外，与对照组和Hg+NH₃应激相比，Se-NPs显著上调了免疫球蛋白（Ig）和生长激素（GH）水平。Hg+NH₃毒副作用显著提高了肝脏和鳃组织中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）的活性，Se-NPs日粮降低了它们的活性。相反，在胁迫条件下，Se-NPs显著提高了消化酶活性，包括蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶。与对照组和其他组相比，饲粮中添加0.3和0.6 mg kg - nps能改善猪的生长性能参数，如最终增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质系数、特定生长率、日增长指数和相对采食量。根据尾巴DNA百分比评估的DNA损伤，硒- nps补充显著减少。此外，硒- nps的添加显著增强了小鼠的汞解毒能力。综上所述，本研究表明，饲粮Se-NPs可通过改变鱼类基因表达，调节抗氧化状态，增强免疫调节，减轻应激生物标志物的影响，从而有效缓解汞和氨毒性的不良影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Aquatic Toxicology 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

4.40%

发文量

250

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Aquatic Toxicology publishes significant contributions that increase the understanding of the impact of harmful substances (including natural and synthetic chemicals) on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Aquatic Toxicology considers both laboratory and field studies with a focus on marine/ freshwater environments. We strive to attract high quality original scientific papers, critical reviews and expert opinion papers in the following areas: Effects of harmful substances on molecular, cellular, sub-organismal, organismal, population, community, and ecosystem level; Toxic Mechanisms; Genetic disturbances, transgenerational effects, behavioral and adaptive responses; Impacts of harmful substances on structure, function of and services provided by aquatic ecosystems; Mixture toxicity assessment; Statistical approaches to predict exposure to and hazards of contaminants The journal also considers manuscripts in other areas, such as the development of innovative concepts, approaches, and methodologies, which promote the wider application of toxicological datasets to the protection of aquatic environments and inform ecological risk assessments and decision making by relevant authorities.