Dental Calculus Formation Rate: The Role of Salivary Proteome and Metaproteome

IF 5.8 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Clinical Periodontology Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI:10.1111/jcpe.14142

Wenji Cai, Nadia Dubreuil, Lina Abu Nada, Wen Bo Sam Zhou, Tayebeh Basiri, Amir Hadad, Priti Charde, Maxime Ducret, Faleh Tamimi

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Abstract

Background

Dental calculus accumulation varies across individuals. While various factors contribute to its accumulation, the role of salivary composition remains underexplored. This study aims to compare individuals suffering from rapid rates of dental calculus formation rates with those having slow formation rates in terms of salivary electrochemical properties as well as its proteomic, metaproteomic and elemental composition.

Methods

A total of 26 patients with a history of dental calculus were recruited. Saliva samples were collected and evaluated for electrochemical properties as well as elemental, proteomic and metaproteomic composition. Patients were provided scaling treatment to remove all calculus. Six months after the dental cleaning patients were re-assessed for the presence of dental calculus. Based on the dental calculus formation rate participants were categorised into slow (57.7%) and rapid calculus formers (42.3%) that were then assessed for differences in salivary composition.

Results

Rapid calculus formers exhibited a more neutral zeta-potential and lower concentration of salivary calcium ions than their slow-forming counterparts. Proteomic analysis identified 895 proteins across all samples. Of these, 38 proteins were exclusive to the rapid formation group, while 24 proteins were specific to the slow group. The rapid group demonstrated augmented pathways related to cell binding (e.g., cytoskeletal regulation by Rho GTPase and integrin signalling), inflammatory mediation (e.g., chemokine and cytokine signalling) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., 5-Hydroxytryptamine degradation, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease) and significant enrichment in peptidase inhibitor activity. In contrast, the slow group demonstrated enrichment mainly in immune response. Metaproteomic analysis for salivary bacteria showed significant predominance of Streptococci in the rapid group and elevated levels of Rothia in the slow group.

Conclusion

The saliva of patients with rapid calculus formation rates differs from that of patients with slow rates of calculus formation in terms of electrochemical properties as well as proteomic, metaproteomic and elemental composition.

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牙结石形成率：唾液蛋白质组和代谢蛋白质组的作用

背景牙结石的积累因人而异。虽然导致牙结石积累的因素有很多，但唾液成分的作用仍未得到充分探讨。本研究旨在比较牙结石形成速度快的人与牙结石形成速度慢的人的唾液电化学特性及其蛋白质组、元蛋白质组和元素组成。收集唾液样本并评估其电化学特性以及元素、蛋白质组和元蛋白质组成分。患者接受洗牙治疗以去除所有牙结石。洗牙六个月后，再次评估患者是否存在牙结石。根据牙结石形成率将患者分为慢速牙结石形成者（57.7%）和快速牙结石形成者（42.3%），然后评估唾液成分的差异。结果与慢速牙结石形成者相比，快速牙结石形成者的zeta电位更中性，唾液中钙离子的浓度更低。蛋白质组分析确定了所有样本中的 895 种蛋白质。其中，38 个蛋白质为快速形成组所特有，24 个蛋白质为缓慢形成组所特有。快速组显示出与细胞结合（如 Rho GTPase 和整合素信号的细胞骨架调节）、炎症调解（如趋化因子和细胞因子信号）和神经退行性疾病（如 5-羟色胺降解、亨廷顿氏病和帕金森氏病）有关的通路增多，肽酶抑制剂活性显著增强。相比之下，慢速组主要在免疫反应方面表现出丰富性。对唾液细菌进行的元蛋白质组分析表明，快速组中链球菌明显占优势，而慢速组中罗氏菌水平升高。

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来源期刊

Journal of Clinical Periodontology 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

13.30

自引率

10.40%

发文量

175

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Clinical Periodontology was founded by the British, Dutch, French, German, Scandinavian, and Swiss Societies of Periodontology. The aim of the Journal of Clinical Periodontology is to provide the platform for exchange of scientific and clinical progress in the field of Periodontology and allied disciplines, and to do so at the highest possible level. The Journal also aims to facilitate the application of new scientific knowledge to the daily practice of the concerned disciplines and addresses both practicing clinicians and academics. The Journal is the official publication of the European Federation of Periodontology but wishes to retain its international scope. The Journal publishes original contributions of high scientific merit in the fields of periodontology and implant dentistry. Its scope encompasses the physiology and pathology of the periodontium, the tissue integration of dental implants, the biology and the modulation of periodontal and alveolar bone healing and regeneration, diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and therapy of periodontal disease, the clinical aspects of tooth replacement with dental implants, and the comprehensive rehabilitation of the periodontal patient. Review articles by experts on new developments in basic and applied periodontal science and associated dental disciplines, advances in periodontal or implant techniques and procedures, and case reports which illustrate important new information are also welcome.