An intelligent multifunction graphene skin patch for ear health monitoring and acoustic interaction

Abstract

Prolonged exposure to damaging auditory conditions can lead to significant health issues, including hearing impairment and inflammation of the ear canal. We present an intelligent multifunction graphene skin patch (GSP) that integrates health monitoring and high-quality acoustic interaction to address these challenges. Comprising laser-induced graphene (LIG), PI fabric, and Nomex fabric, GSP utilizes triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), thermosensitive (TS), and thermoacoustic (TA) effects to provide multimodal sensing of external auditory canal health while delivering superior audio quality. GSP demonstrates rapid response and high sensitivity (1.286 kPa⁻¹), along with remarkable durability (12,000 cycles) for precise monitoring of pulse and temperature variations (4/ °C). By employing pulse density modulation, we significantly reduce total harmonic distortion from 97.6 % to 2.98 %, ensuring exceptional sound fidelity at low frequencies. Moreover, through deep learning analysis, the accuracy of acoustic data processing improved from 47.1 % to 98.2 %. GSP’s multifunctionality enables an integrated health monitoring and warning system, enhancing human-machine interaction. This innovative approach not only bridges the gap between monitoring and rehabilitation but also sets a novel standard for wearable health solutions.