Immunomodulatory effects of Triphala and its constituents in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral precancer.

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma shows increased occurrence in those who consume tobacco products, alcohol, betel quid, and areca nut, and is also considered to occur due to genetic alteration. Though there are numerous advancements in treatment, survival remains a question with late diagnosis. Hence, there are continuous inventions of new drugs. The introduction of Ayurveda in the therapy has paved the way for the longevity of the patients affected. One such introduction is the use of Triphala. The current study aims to review the anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-microbial, and apoptotic action of Triphala and thus evaluate the anti-cancer action of Triphala. A literature search was done, in various electronic databases and the data were extracted according to the predefined criteria. Original studies of 19 reports were included in the analysis. Nineteen (six studies with Triphala combination) In vitro/In vivo studies were included in this systematic review. The included study showed that Triphala effectively modulates the immune system. The effects included were anti-oxidative, immune modulation, anti-proliferative, tumor suppression, apoptotic effect, reversal of precancerous lesion, and anti-microbial action. The analyses also showed that there is no side effect of Triphala up to the recommended dosage. Triphala, is a nourishing supplement that is well-known in Ayurveda for its capacity to restore healthy tissues and promote aging gracefully through its properties such as anti-oxidant, ant-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic apoptotic, and immune-modulatory properties. Hence, Triphala can be a promising drug in the prevention and treatment of oral cancer.