The city and forest bird flock together in a common garden: genetic and environmental effects drive urban phenotypic divergence.

IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Evolution Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI:10.1093/evolut/qpaf028
Megan J Thompson, Denis Réale, Baptiste Chenet, Ségolene Delaitre, Amélie Fargevieille, Marc Romans, Samuel P Caro, Anne Charmantier
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Urban phenotypic divergences are documented across diverse taxa, but the underlying genetic and environmental drivers behind these phenotypic changes are unknown in most wild urban systems. We conduct a common garden experiment using great tit (Parus major) eggs collected along an urbanization gradient to: 1) determine whether documented morphological, physiological, and behavioural shifts in wild urban great tits are maintained in birds from urban and forest origins reared in a common garden (N = 73) and 2) evaluate how different sources of genetic, early maternal investment, and later environmental variation contributed to trait variation in the experiment. In line with the phenotypic divergence in the wild, common garden birds from urban origins had faster breath rates (i.e., higher stress response) and were smaller than birds from forest origins, while wild differences in aggression and exploration were not maintained in the experiment. Differences between individuals (genetic and environmentally induced) explained the most trait variation, while variation among foster nests and captive social groups was limited. Our results provide trait-specific evidence of evolution in an urban species where genetic change likely underlies urban differences in morphology and stress physiology, but that urban behavioural divergences are more strongly driven by plasticity.

城市鸟类和森林鸟类在一个共同的花园中聚集在一起:遗传和环境影响驱动了城市表型差异。
城市表型差异在不同的分类群中有记录,但在大多数野生城市系统中,这些表型变化背后的潜在遗传和环境驱动因素尚不清楚。我们利用沿着城市化梯度收集的大山雀(Parus major)蛋进行了一项普通花园实验:1)确定在普通花园中饲养的城市和森林鸟类(N = 73)是否保持了野生城市大山雀的形态、生理和行为变化;2)评估遗传、早期母体投资和后期环境变化的不同来源对实验中性状变化的影响。与野生的表型差异一致,来自城市的常见花园鸟比来自森林的鸟类呼吸频率更快(即更高的应激反应),体型更小,而在攻击和探索方面的野生差异在实验中没有保持。个体之间的差异(遗传和环境诱导)解释了大多数性状变异,而寄养巢穴和圈养社会群体之间的变异有限。我们的研究结果为城市物种的进化提供了性状特异性证据,其中遗传变化可能是城市形态和应激生理差异的基础,但城市行为差异更强烈地受到可塑性的驱动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Evolution
Evolution 环境科学-进化生物学
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
9.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Evolution, published for the Society for the Study of Evolution, is the premier publication devoted to the study of organic evolution and the integration of the various fields of science concerned with evolution. The journal presents significant and original results that extend our understanding of evolutionary phenomena and processes.
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