Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Self-Perception Concerning Body Composition Analysis among Elite Soccer Players.

Abstract

In the field of mental health, eating disorders (EDs) are an important subject of research, especially regarding athletes. This study examined the risk of EDs, orthorexia nervosa (ON), and body perception among elite soccer players, focusing on the impact of body composition. Conducted from March to April 2024 with 51 players from the elite and 1^st division clubs, the research utilized the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS), and the Body Esteem Scale (BES) alongside body composition analysis via Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (DSM-BIA). Findings indicated a significant prevalence of ED risk among players, with more than half showing potential symptoms. Body composition analyses revealed that players with a higher fat mass had an increased ED risk, while muscle mass did not correlate significantly with ED attitudes. Regarding ON, approximately one-third of athletes were at risk, although no significant relationship was found between ON and body composition variables. In terms of body image, players generally viewed their bodies moderately, rating physical fitness, sex drive, and health positively. However, a higher body fat was associated with lower ratings in upper body strength, indicating perceived physical limitations. This study highlights the necessity for targeted interventions to manage the high prevalence of EDs among elite soccer players and promote healthier body image perceptions, emphasizing the low relationship between body esteem and the likelihood of developing EDs or ON.