Primary regulatory T cell activator FOXP3 is present across Amphibia.

IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Rebecca A Clemons, Chase H Smith, Kelly R Zamudio
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The overall structure of the immune system is highly conserved across jawed vertebrates, but characterization and description of the immune system is heavily biased toward mammals. One arm of the vertebrate immune system, the adaptive immune system, mounts pathogen-specific responses that tend to be robust and effective at clearing pathogens. This system requires selection against self-recognition and modulation of the immune response. One of the mechanisms of immune modulation is the presence of regulatory T cells that suppress other effector immune cells. Regulatory T cells and their primary activator forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) have been well characterized in mammalian models but unexplored in most other vertebrate taxa. Amphibians are a good focal group for the characterization of FOXP3 due to their phylogenetic position on the vertebrate tree of life, and their susceptibility to emerging pathogens. In this study, we mined available transcriptomic and genomic data to confirm the presence of FOXP3 across the amphibian tree of life. We find that FOXP3 is present in all major clades of amphibians. We also test whether selection on FOXP3 shows signatures of intensification among the three main clades of amphibians, which may reflect shifts in the stringency of natural selection on this gene. Our findings provide insights into the evolutionary history of the vertebrate immune system and confirm the conservation of vertebrate immune genes within amphibians.

初级调节性T细胞激活因子FOXP3存在于两栖动物中。
免疫系统的整体结构在颌骨脊椎动物中是高度保守的,但免疫系统的表征和描述严重偏向于哺乳动物。脊椎动物免疫系统的一只手臂,适应性免疫系统,产生病原体特异性反应,在清除病原体方面往往是强大而有效的。这个系统需要选择对抗自我识别和免疫反应的调节。免疫调节的机制之一是调节性T细胞抑制其他效应免疫细胞的存在。调节性T细胞及其主要激活因子叉头盒蛋白P3 (FOXP3)已经在哺乳动物模型中得到了很好的表征,但在大多数其他脊椎动物分类群中尚未被探索。两栖动物是表征FOXP3的一个很好的焦点群体,因为它们在脊椎动物生命树上的系统发育位置,以及它们对新出现的病原体的易感性。在这项研究中,我们挖掘了现有的转录组学和基因组数据,以确认FOXP3在两栖动物生命树中的存在。我们发现FOXP3存在于所有主要的两栖动物分支中。我们还测试了FOXP3的选择是否在两栖动物的三个主要分支中显示出强化的特征,这可能反映了自然选择对该基因的严格程度的转变。我们的研究结果提供了对脊椎动物免疫系统进化史的见解,并证实了两栖动物中脊椎动物免疫基因的保护。
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来源期刊
Immunogenetics
Immunogenetics 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
6.20%
发文量
48
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Immunogenetics publishes original papers, brief communications, and reviews on research in the following areas: genetics and evolution of the immune system; genetic control of immune response and disease susceptibility; bioinformatics of the immune system; structure of immunologically important molecules; and immunogenetics of reproductive biology, tissue differentiation, and development.
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