Extracranial carotid plaque calcification and its association with risk factors for cerebrovascular events: insights from the ANTIQUE study.

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Frontiers in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fneur.2025.1532883

David Pakizer, Dana Šalounová, David Školoudík

{"title":"Extracranial carotid plaque calcification and its association with risk factors for cerebrovascular events: insights from the ANTIQUE study.","authors":"David Pakizer, Dana Šalounová, David Školoudík","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1532883","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Extracranial carotid calcification is a common marker of advanced atherosclerosis. However, its impact on stroke risk is not consistent across studies, and examining the type of calcification and the presence of systemic diseases might be helpful. We aimed to investigate extracranial carotid calcification and its association with risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.Materials and methods: Among 1,863 consecutive patients in the Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics Associated with a Progression Rate of the Plaque and a Risk of Stroke in Patients with the Carotid Bifurcation Plaque Study (ANTIQUE), 132 symptomatic or asymptomatic patients (177 carotid plaques) with >30% carotid stenosis examined through computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. Statistical data were assessed using the χ 2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney test to investigate the calcification risk factors.Results: Compared to the absence of calcifications, spotty calcifications were associated with male sex [odds ratio (OR): 3.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-13.05], while large calcifications were associated with older patients (OR: 1.60 per 5 years of age, 95% CI: 1.20-2.13). Large calcifications were also strongly associated with coronary heart disease (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.15-14.44) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.025). In comparison between only spotty and large calcifications, spotty calcifications were associated with male sex (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.06-13.05), smoking (p = 0.020) in more significant quantities (p = 0.014), and lipid plaque (p < 0.001), while large calcifications with contralateral stenosis degree (p = 0.044). No significant relationship was found between cerebrovascular events and the type of calcification.Conclusion: Although the presence and type of extracranial carotid calcification were not related to ipsilateral ischemic events, large calcifications were strongly associated with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02360137.","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1532883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11813772/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Neurology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.1532883","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Extracranial carotid calcification is a common marker of advanced atherosclerosis. However, its impact on stroke risk is not consistent across studies, and examining the type of calcification and the presence of systemic diseases might be helpful. We aimed to investigate extracranial carotid calcification and its association with risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.

Materials and methods: Among 1,863 consecutive patients in the Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics Associated with a Progression Rate of the Plaque and a Risk of Stroke in Patients with the Carotid Bifurcation Plaque Study (ANTIQUE), 132 symptomatic or asymptomatic patients (177 carotid plaques) with >30% carotid stenosis examined through computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. Statistical data were assessed using the χ ²-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney test to investigate the calcification risk factors.

Results: Compared to the absence of calcifications, spotty calcifications were associated with male sex [odds ratio (OR): 3.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-13.05], while large calcifications were associated with older patients (OR: 1.60 per 5 years of age, 95% CI: 1.20-2.13). Large calcifications were also strongly associated with coronary heart disease (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.15-14.44) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.025). In comparison between only spotty and large calcifications, spotty calcifications were associated with male sex (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.06-13.05), smoking (p = 0.020) in more significant quantities (p = 0.014), and lipid plaque (p < 0.001), while large calcifications with contralateral stenosis degree (p = 0.044). No significant relationship was found between cerebrovascular events and the type of calcification.

Conclusion: Although the presence and type of extracranial carotid calcification were not related to ipsilateral ischemic events, large calcifications were strongly associated with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02360137.

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Frontiers in Neurology CLINICAL NEUROLOGYNEUROSCIENCES -NEUROSCIENCES

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

8.80%

发文量

2792

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： The section Stroke aims to quickly and accurately publish important experimental, translational and clinical studies, and reviews that contribute to the knowledge of stroke, its causes, manifestations, diagnosis, and management.