Determining the Best Weaning Age to Dry Feeds and the Influence of Phospholipids and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC-PUFAs) on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Growth Performance of African Bony-Tongue (Heterotis niloticus) Fry

IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES
Prince Ofori-Darkwah, Daniel Adjei-Boateng, Regina Esi Edziyie, Nelson Winston Agbo, Ivar Lund
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Abstract

Limited information exists on the dietary requirements of the African bony-tongue (Heterotis niloticus) fry as well as the suitable age to wean fry from live prey to formulated diets. These have been the major challenges to the commercial culture of the species. This study assessed the optimal weaning age of fry as well as the effect of varying phospholipid (PL) content and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) on survival, performance, and digestive enzyme activity of H. niloticus fry. The two weaning diets used were formulated to be isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic (49% CP, 20% CL, and 22.7 MJ/kg). The diets differed only in the content of PLs and LC-PUFAs; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Soy lecithin (PLs) and Algatrium DHA70 (a glyceride product high in DHA and EPA) were included at two levels. The diets were, respectively, labeled low phospholipid (LPP) (formulated to contain: 3.16% PLs, LC PUFAs: 0.66% DHA 0.10% EPA) and high phospholipid (HPP) (formulated to contain: 12.96% PLs, LC PUFAs: 3.04% DHA, 0.75% EPA). African bony-tongue fry were fed Artemia nauplii until 15, 25, 35, 45, 65, or 85 days after hatching (DAH), respectively, then cofed with Artemia and one of the two weaning diets for an additional 7 days after which Artemia feeding was completely withdrawn. Hereafter, the fry were maintained solely on the experimental diets for 10 days. A control group was kept on Artemia nauplii throughout the experiment. The results showed that the survival rate of fish on the LPP and HPP diets increased significantly (p  < 0.05) with weaning age; from 0% (LPP and HPP) for fry weaned at 15 DAH to a survival rate of 69.4% ± 3.9% (LPP) and 80.0% ± 9.4% (HPP) at 65 and 85 DAH, respectively. This was, however, lower than the survival rate obtained for the control (Artemia) which was 93.3% ± 3.33% at 85 DAH. The final mean weight, weight gain, and survival rate improved significantly (p  < 0.05) for fry fed the HPP diet compared to the LPP diet. All digestive enzyme activity decreased significantly with increasing fish age (p  > 0.05). Based on the results, it is recommended, that H. niloticus fry is maintained on live Artemia nauplii and provided with dry feeds high in LC-PUFAs (33.98 mg g−1 diet) and PLs (12.96 mg g−1 diet) from <65 DAH to obtain higher survival rates.

Abstract Image

干饲料最佳断奶日龄及磷脂和长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFAs)对非洲骨舌鱼苗消化酶活性和生长性能的影响
关于非洲骨舌鱼(Heterotis niloticus)鱼苗的饮食需求以及从活的猎物断奶到配方饲料的合适年龄的信息有限。这些都是该物种商业养殖面临的主要挑战。本研究评估了不同磷脂(PL)含量和长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFAs)对尼罗沼虾(H. niloticus)苗的存活、生产性能和消化酶活性的影响。所采用的两种断奶日粮均为等氮、等脂、等能(粗蛋白质49%,粗脂肪20%,22.7 MJ/kg)。两种饮食仅在PLs和LC-PUFAs含量上存在差异;二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。大豆卵磷脂(PLs)和Algatrium DHA70(一种富含DHA和EPA的甘油产品)被分为两个水平。饲料分别被标记为低磷脂(LPP)(配方为:3.16% PLs, LC PUFAs: 0.66% DHA 0.10% EPA)和高磷脂(HPP)(配方为:12.96% PLs, LC PUFAs: 3.04% DHA, 0.75% EPA)。分别在孵化后15、25、35、45、65或85天饲喂非洲骨舌苗,然后在断奶日粮中添加青蒿和其中一种,再饲喂7天,完全停止饲喂青蒿。此后,只饲喂试验饲料10 d。对照组在整个实验过程中一直服用青蒿。结果表明,LPP和HPP饲料显著提高了鱼的成活率(p <;0.05);15 DAH断奶苗的存活率为0% (LPP和HPP), 65 DAH和85 DAH断奶苗的存活率分别为69.4%±3.9% (LPP)和80.0%±9.4% (HPP)。然而,这低于对照组(Artemia)在85 DAH时的存活率93.3%±3.33%。最终平均体重、增重和存活率显著提高(p <;与低脂饲料相比,高脂饲料对鱼苗生长的影响为0.05)。各消化酶活性均随鱼龄增加而显著降低(p >;0.05)。综上所述,建议将niloticus鱼苗维持在活的nauplii上,并给予<;65 DAH高LC-PUFAs (33.98 mg g - 1日粮)和PLs (12.96 mg g - 1日粮)的干饲料,以获得更高的存活率。
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来源期刊
Aquaculture Research
Aquaculture Research 农林科学-渔业
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
5.00%
发文量
464
审稿时长
5.3 months
期刊介绍: International in perspective, Aquaculture Research is published 12 times a year and specifically addresses research and reference needs of all working and studying within the many varied areas of aquaculture. The Journal regularly publishes papers on applied or scientific research relevant to freshwater, brackish, and marine aquaculture. It covers all aquatic organisms, floristic and faunistic, related directly or indirectly to human consumption. The journal also includes review articles, short communications and technical papers. Young scientists are particularly encouraged to submit short communications based on their own research.
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