Residual stresses in intrinsic thermoset-thermoplastic hybrid composites

IF 23.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI:10.1007/s42114-025-01263-8

Nicolas Dorr, Gabriel Fabrini Ribeiro, Janik Schmidt, Arne Björn Busch, Sathis Kumar Selvarayan, Robert Brandt

{"title":"Residual stresses in intrinsic thermoset-thermoplastic hybrid composites","authors":"Nicolas Dorr, Gabriel Fabrini Ribeiro, Janik Schmidt, Arne Björn Busch, Sathis Kumar Selvarayan, Robert Brandt","doi":"10.1007/s42114-025-01263-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combining different materials in a thermally activated manufacturing process into a hybrid composite can lead to residual stresses if there is a difference between the adhesion temperature T<sub>AD</sub> and the application temperature T<sub>AP</sub>. If such hybrid composites are subjected to high cyclic loads, residual stresses may influence their durability. While residual stress analysis has been extensively studied in the context of metal-plastic hybrids, the residual stress condition is unknown for thermoset-thermoplastic hybrids produced by injection molding. Therefore, we firstly apply a calculational model to estimate the residual stress for the investigated material combination of glass fiber-filled polyamide (PA6.6 GF30) and a unidirectional glass fiber-reinforced plastic (UD-GFRP) with a polyurethane acrylate matrix. Secondly, these results are compared to a corresponding computational simulation model. Integrating Fiber-Bragg-Grating (FBG) sensors in the UD-GFRP allows for the determination of residual strain in the thermoset component at different temperatures and thereby both the calculational and computational simulation methods could be validated against experimental results. The results show that process-related residual stresses occur in the hybrid composite and are not negligible. Normal stresses of − 39.6 MPa have been observed in thermoset material. Furthermore, the calculational determined normal stresses are in accordance with the experimentally determined values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7220,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42114-025-01263-8.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42114-025-01263-8","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Combining different materials in a thermally activated manufacturing process into a hybrid composite can lead to residual stresses if there is a difference between the adhesion temperature T_AD and the application temperature T_AP. If such hybrid composites are subjected to high cyclic loads, residual stresses may influence their durability. While residual stress analysis has been extensively studied in the context of metal-plastic hybrids, the residual stress condition is unknown for thermoset-thermoplastic hybrids produced by injection molding. Therefore, we firstly apply a calculational model to estimate the residual stress for the investigated material combination of glass fiber-filled polyamide (PA6.6 GF30) and a unidirectional glass fiber-reinforced plastic (UD-GFRP) with a polyurethane acrylate matrix. Secondly, these results are compared to a corresponding computational simulation model. Integrating Fiber-Bragg-Grating (FBG) sensors in the UD-GFRP allows for the determination of residual strain in the thermoset component at different temperatures and thereby both the calculational and computational simulation methods could be validated against experimental results. The results show that process-related residual stresses occur in the hybrid composite and are not negligible. Normal stresses of − 39.6 MPa have been observed in thermoset material. Furthermore, the calculational determined normal stresses are in accordance with the experimentally determined values.

查看原文本刊更多论文

本征热固性热塑性杂化复合材料的残余应力

如果在粘合温度TAD和应用温度TAP之间存在差异，则在热活化制造过程中将不同材料组合成混合复合材料可能导致残余应力。如果这种混合复合材料受到高循环载荷，残余应力可能会影响其耐久性。虽然残余应力分析已经在金属-塑料混合材料的背景下进行了广泛的研究，但对于通过注射成型生产的热固性-热塑性混合材料，残余应力状况尚不清楚。因此，我们首先应用计算模型来估计所研究的玻璃纤维填充聚酰胺（PA6.6 GF30）和单向玻璃纤维增强塑料（UD-GFRP）与聚氨酯丙烯酸酯基体的材料组合的残余应力。其次，将这些结果与相应的计算仿真模型进行了比较。在UD-GFRP中集成光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器，可以确定不同温度下热固性组件中的残余应变，从而可以根据实验结果验证计算和计算模拟方法。结果表明，复合材料中存在与工艺相关的残余应力，且不可忽略。在热固性材料中观察到- 39.6 MPa的法向应力。计算得到的法向应力与实验得到的值基本一致。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

26.00

自引率

21.40%

发文量

185

期刊介绍： Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials is a leading international journal that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists working on composites, including nanocomposites. Our aim is to facilitate rapid scientific communication in this field. The journal publishes high-quality research on various aspects of composite materials, including materials design, surface and interface science/engineering, manufacturing, structure control, property design, device fabrication, and other applications. We also welcome simulation and modeling studies that are relevant to composites. Additionally, papers focusing on the relationship between fillers and the matrix are of particular interest. Our scope includes polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, with a special emphasis on reviews and meta-analyses related to materials selection. We cover a wide range of topics, including transport properties, strategies for controlling interfaces and composition distribution, bottom-up assembly of nanocomposites, highly porous and high-density composites, electronic structure design, materials synergisms, and thermoelectric materials. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials follows a rigorous single-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality and integrity of the published work.