[Transition in mental health from childhood to adulthood: A scoping review].

Abstract

Background: The management of mental health conditions may deteriorate in adolescents during the transition from adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services. This study aimes to assess the impact of interventions and transition programs on treatment continuity and mental health outcomes for individuals moving between these services.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the descriptors "Child Psychiatry", "Adolescent Psychiatry", "Transition to Adult Care", "Mental Health Services", and "Continuity of Patient Care" in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and CUIDEN, from October to December 2023. Studies of any design published in English and Spanish were included, with no time restrictions. The quality of the studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.

Results: Eight studies were included (two reviews, four qualitative studies, and two cohort studies), with quality ratings ranging from moderate to excellent. Only 23.5% of young people experienced a successful transition, with many facing delays and reduced long-term follow-up. Key factors for a successful transition included the transfer of information, parallel care, and the involvement of patients and family, while voluntary discharge and prior drug use before hospitalization hindered the transition process.

Conclusions: To optimize the continuity of care during the transition from child/adolescent to adult mental health services, key strategies include the transfer of information, parallel care, and active participation. Implementing coordinated measures that address barriers, reduce delays, and enhance follow-up is essential. A proactive, individualized, and collaborative approach involving patients, families, and professionals is necessary to ensure comprehensive and effective care.