Comparison of heroin and fentanyl use in US nationally representative surveys.

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI:10.1186/s13722-025-00539-0

Jarratt D Pytell, Paul J Christine, Katherine LeMasters, Karilynn M Rockhill, Joshua C Black, Richard C Dart, Ingrid A Binswanger

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Given the opioid overdose crisis, surveillance of evolving opioid use patterns is critical to the effective deployment of mitigation strategies. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) provided the first annual US estimate of illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) use in 2022. However, as a household survey, NSDUH may not capture the full extent of population heroin and IMF use. We compare estimates of past-year heroin and IMF use and correlates of use in NSDUH and the Survey of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMURx) survey which employ an alternate sampling strategy.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2022 NSDUH and NMURx. NSDUH samples respondents using a probability-based approach targeting community-dwelling individuals, while NMURx samples respondents using an opt-in, online survey panel. US adults ages 18 years and older were included. The main outcomes were differences in the weighted percentage of population reporting past-year use of heroin, IMF, and either heroin or IMF between the surveys. Secondary outcomes were the patterns of association of past-year heroin or IMF use with comorbid substance use, treatment utilization, and demographic characteristics between the surveys. Data were analyzed March to June 2024.

Results: NSDUH (n = 47,100 respondents) had a lower proportion of respondents who identified as non-Hispanic White and graduated college, and a higher proportion with past week employment than NMURx (N = 59,041 respondents). Past-year use of heroin, IMF, and either heroin or IMF were lower in the NSDUH than the NMURx. NSDUH estimated 0.52% (95% CI: 0.40%, 0.69%) %) of the US population used either heroin or IMF in the past year compared to 1.05% (95% CI: 0.97%, 1.14 0) in NMURx. In regression models, stimulant and benzodiazepine use were consistently associated with increased heroin or IMF use across both surveys.

Conclusions and relevance: The estimated prevalence of heroin or IMF use was nearly 50% higher in the NMURx compared to NSDUH. These results highlight the importance of using complementary surveillance approaches to obtain accurate estimates of the prevalence and patterns of heroin or IMF use.

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来源期刊

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice Psychology-Clinical Psychology

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

10.80%

发文量

审稿时长

28 weeks

期刊介绍： Addiction Science & Clinical Practice provides a forum for clinically relevant research and perspectives that contribute to improving the quality of care for people with unhealthy alcohol, tobacco, or other drug use and addictive behaviours across a spectrum of clinical settings. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice accepts articles of clinical relevance related to the prevention and treatment of unhealthy alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use across the spectrum of clinical settings. Topics of interest address issues related to the following: the spectrum of unhealthy use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among the range of affected persons (e.g., not limited by age, race/ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation); the array of clinical prevention and treatment practices (from health messages, to identification and early intervention, to more extensive interventions including counseling and pharmacotherapy and other management strategies); and identification and management of medical, psychiatric, social, and other health consequences of substance use. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice is particularly interested in articles that address how to improve the quality of care for people with unhealthy substance use and related conditions as described in the (US) Institute of Medicine report, Improving the Quality of Healthcare for Mental Health and Substance Use Conditions (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006). Such articles address the quality of care and of health services. Although the journal also welcomes submissions that address these conditions in addiction speciality-treatment settings, the journal is particularly interested in including articles that address unhealthy use outside these settings, including experience with novel models of care and outcomes, and outcomes of research-practice collaborations. Although Addiction Science & Clinical Practice is generally not an outlet for basic science research, we will accept basic science research manuscripts that have clearly described potential clinical relevance and are accessible to audiences outside a narrow laboratory research field.