Femoroacetabular Impingement: Preoperative Evaluation and Postoperative Imaging.

Abstract

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a significant orthopaedic condition that primarily affects young active adults. It is characterized by abnormal contact between the femoral head and the acetabulum, leading to joint damage and osteoarthritis. This syndrome presents in three forms: pincer, cam, and mixed impingement, each with distinct morphological characteristics that can cause labral tears and cartilage damage. Over the last 20 years, the diagnosis and management of FAI has evolved considerably with advancements in imaging technologies and surgical techniques, especially hip arthroscopy.This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnostic imaging criteria, surgical treatments, and postoperative outcomes of FAI, providing essential insights for radiologists and surgeons. The importance of early and accurate diagnosis through advanced imaging is emphasized to prevent the progression of FAI and to plan effective surgical interventions aimed at joint preservation. Challenges remain in the postoperative setting, where residual symptoms can require revision surgeries. Future directions in the management of FAI will likely focus on refining imaging protocols and surgical techniques to enhance the success rates of primary procedures and reduce the need for subsequent interventions.