Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit with multiple abscesses in the brain and body due to Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis in an infant: a case report and review of the literature.

Abstract

Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare pathogen known to cause severe, life-threatening infections in humans. Its typical clinical presentations include skin and soft tissue infections, fulminant septicemia, multiple visceral abscesses, and diarrhea. We report the case of a 2-month-old male infant who initially presented with acute fever and subsequently developed acute proptosis of the right eye, accompanied by a palpable mass in the right mastoid area. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the orbits, paranasal sinuses and brain revealed a subperiosteal abscess at the right sphenoid wing, right otomastoiditis, and multiple intracerebral abscesses. Moreover, ultrasonography of the whole abdomen showed multiple liver abscesses. Blood culture analysis confirmed the presence of Chromobacterium violaceum, while comprehensive testing for underlying immunodeficiency returned negative results. The patient's condition was effectively managed through timely surgical intervention, including lateral orbitotomy for pus drainage, combined with appropriate antibiotic treatment. After completing the prescribed course of prophylactic antibiotics, the patient remained free from disease recurrence and showed sustained clinical recovery.