A review on NLRP3 inflammasome modulation by animal venom proteins/peptides: mechanisms and therapeutic insights.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Inflammopharmacology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-11 DOI:10.1007/s10787-025-01656-7

Akshad Balde, Soottawat Benjakul, Rasool Abdul Nazeer

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The venom peptides from terrestrial as well as aquatic species have demonstrated potential in regulating the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a sophisticated assemblage present in immune cells responsible for detecting and responding to external mediators. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in several pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disorders. Venom peptides derived from animal venoms have been discovered to selectively induce certain signalling pathways, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Experimental evidence has demonstrated that venom peptides can regulate the expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, these peptides have been discovered to impede the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, therefore diminishing inflammation and tissue injury. The functional properties of venom proteins and peptides obtained from snakes, bees, wasps, and scorpions have been thoroughly investigated, specifically targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, venom proteins and peptides have shown promise as therapeutic agents for the treatment of certain inflammatory disorders. This review discusses the pathophysiology of NLRP3 inflammasome in the onset of various diseases, role of venom as therapeutics. Further, various venom components and their role in the modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome are discoursed. A substantial number of venomous animals and their toxins are yet unexplored, and to comprehensively grasp the mechanisms of action of them and their potential as therapeutic agents, additional research is required which can lead to the development of novel therapeutics.

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动物毒液蛋白/肽调控NLRP3炎性体的研究进展：机制和治疗见解。

来自陆地和水生物种的毒液肽已被证明具有调节nod样受体家族含pyrin结构域3 （NLRP3）炎性小体的潜力，这是一种存在于免疫细胞中负责检测和响应外部介质的复杂组合。NLRP3炎性体在2型糖尿病、高血糖、阿尔茨海默病、肥胖、自身免疫性疾病和心血管疾病等多种病理条件中发挥作用。从动物毒液中提取的蛇毒肽已被发现可以选择性地诱导某些信号通路，如NLRP3炎性体、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）和活化B细胞的核因子κ -轻链增强子（NF-κB）。实验证据表明，毒液肽可以调节NLRP3炎性小体的表达和激活，导致白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-18等促炎细胞因子的分泌。此外，这些肽已被发现可以阻止NLRP3炎性体的激活，从而减少炎症和组织损伤。从蛇、蜜蜂、黄蜂和蝎子中获得的毒液蛋白和肽的功能特性已经被深入研究，特别是针对NLRP3炎症小体途径，毒液蛋白和肽已经显示出治疗某些炎症性疾病的前景。本文就NLRP3炎性小体在各种疾病发病中的病理生理及毒液的治疗作用作一综述。此外，各种毒液成分及其在NLRP3炎性体调节中的作用也被讨论。大量的有毒动物及其毒素尚未被探索，为了全面掌握它们的作用机制及其作为治疗药物的潜力，需要进行更多的研究，从而开发新的治疗方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Inflammopharmacology IMMUNOLOGYTOXICOLOGY-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

3.40%

发文量

200

期刊介绍： Inflammopharmacology is the official publication of the Gastrointestinal Section of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the Hungarian Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Society (HECPS). Inflammopharmacology publishes papers on all aspects of inflammation and its pharmacological control emphasizing comparisons of (a) different inflammatory states, and (b) the actions, therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs employed in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The comparative aspects of the types of inflammatory conditions include gastrointestinal disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn''s disease), parasitic diseases, toxicological manifestations of the effects of drugs and environmental agents, arthritic conditions, and inflammatory effects of injury or aging on skeletal muscle. The journal has seven main interest areas: -Drug-Disease Interactions - Conditional Pharmacology - i.e. where the condition (disease or stress state) influences the therapeutic response and side (adverse) effects from anti-inflammatory drugs. Mechanisms of drug-disease and drug disease interactions and the role of different stress states -Rheumatology - particular emphasis on methods of measurement of clinical response effects of new agents, adverse effects from anti-rheumatic drugs -Gastroenterology - with particular emphasis on animal and human models, mechanisms of mucosal inflammation and ulceration and effects of novel and established anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory agents, or antiparasitic agents -Neuro-Inflammation and Pain - model systems, pharmacology of new analgesic agents and mechanisms of neuro-inflammation and pain -Novel drugs, natural products and nutraceuticals - and their effects on inflammatory processes, especially where there are indications of novel modes action compared with conventional drugs e.g. NSAIDs -Muscle-immune interactions during inflammation [...]