Regional Occupancy Is Negatively Related to Richness Across Time and Space

IF 6.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI:10.1111/geb.70009

B. R. Shipley, E. E. Saupe

{"title":"Regional Occupancy Is Negatively Related to Richness Across Time and Space","authors":"B. R. Shipley, E. E. Saupe","doi":"10.1111/geb.70009","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Aim</h3>\n \n <p>Biological diversity is shaped by processes occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. However, the direct influence of the spatial and temporal scale on patterns of occupancy is still understudied. Today, occupancy is often negatively correlated with species richness, but it is unknown whether this relationship is scale dependent and consistent through time. Here, we use datasets of contemporary and paleontological communities to explore the occupancy-richness relationship across space and time, examining how scale influences this relationship.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Location</h3>\n \n <p>Varying spatial extents with global coverage.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Time</h3>\n \n <p>Varies from 7 mya to 2021 CE.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Taxa</h3>\n \n <p>foraminifera, mammals, birds, fish, and plants.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>We gathered datasets spanning different spatial, temporal, and taxonomic extents. We binned each dataset into distinct time periods and spatially subsampled them into regional pools of varying sizes. We calculated regional occupancy and richness for each pool, measuring the strength of the relationship between the two. Using linear mixed models, we related the occupancy-richness relationship to the size of the regional pools, overall species richness, and climatic changes through time.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>We observed nearly ubiquitous negative occupancy-richness relationships across taxa, spatial scale, and time. The size of the regional pools and time bins had no consistent effects on the strength of the relationship, but the strength of the negative relationship varied substantially among taxa, with foraminifera and North American pollen showing weaker relationships than mammals and birds. Changes in this relationship through time were not driven by climatic perturbations but by the species richness observed across all regional pools.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Patterns of regional richness and occupancy are consistently negatively related and independent of spatial and temporal scale and of direct climatic changes. However, differences in the ecology of species (e.g., dispersal ability) and changes in biodiversity and community composition through time may cause fluctuations in the strength of the occupancy-richness relationship.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70009","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.70009","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

Biological diversity is shaped by processes occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. However, the direct influence of the spatial and temporal scale on patterns of occupancy is still understudied. Today, occupancy is often negatively correlated with species richness, but it is unknown whether this relationship is scale dependent and consistent through time. Here, we use datasets of contemporary and paleontological communities to explore the occupancy-richness relationship across space and time, examining how scale influences this relationship.

Location

Varying spatial extents with global coverage.

Time

Varies from 7 mya to 2021 CE.

Taxa

foraminifera, mammals, birds, fish, and plants.

Methods

We gathered datasets spanning different spatial, temporal, and taxonomic extents. We binned each dataset into distinct time periods and spatially subsampled them into regional pools of varying sizes. We calculated regional occupancy and richness for each pool, measuring the strength of the relationship between the two. Using linear mixed models, we related the occupancy-richness relationship to the size of the regional pools, overall species richness, and climatic changes through time.

Results

We observed nearly ubiquitous negative occupancy-richness relationships across taxa, spatial scale, and time. The size of the regional pools and time bins had no consistent effects on the strength of the relationship, but the strength of the negative relationship varied substantially among taxa, with foraminifera and North American pollen showing weaker relationships than mammals and birds. Changes in this relationship through time were not driven by climatic perturbations but by the species richness observed across all regional pools.

Conclusions

Patterns of regional richness and occupancy are consistently negatively related and independent of spatial and temporal scale and of direct climatic changes. However, differences in the ecology of species (e.g., dispersal ability) and changes in biodiversity and community composition through time may cause fluctuations in the strength of the occupancy-richness relationship.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

区域占有在时空上与丰富度呈负相关

目的生物多样性是由发生在不同空间和时间尺度上的过程形成的。然而，空间和时间尺度对占用格局的直接影响尚未得到充分研究。目前，占用率通常与物种丰富度呈负相关，但这种关系是否具有规模依赖性和一致性尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用当代和古生物群落的数据集来探索空间和时间上的占用-丰富度关系，并研究尺度如何影响这种关系。地理位置随全球覆盖而变化的空间范围。时间从7000万年到2021年不等。有孔虫、哺乳动物、鸟类、鱼类和植物分类群。方法收集跨越不同空间、时间和分类范围的数据集。我们将每个数据集分类到不同的时间段，并在空间上将它们细分到不同大小的区域池中。我们计算了每个池的区域占用率和丰富度，测量了两者之间的关系强度。利用线性混合模型，我们将占用-丰富度关系与区域库的大小、总体物种丰富度和气候变化联系起来。结果在不同的分类群、不同的空间尺度和不同的时间尺度上，占据度与丰富度呈负相关。区域池和时间箱的大小对这种负相关关系的强度没有一致的影响，但不同分类群之间的负相关强度差异很大，有孔虫和北美花粉的负相关关系弱于哺乳动物和鸟类。随着时间的推移，这种关系的变化不是由气候扰动驱动的，而是由在所有区域池中观察到的物种丰富度驱动的。结论区域丰富度和占用度格局与时空尺度和直接气候变化呈负相关且不相关。然而，物种生态的差异（例如，扩散能力）以及生物多样性和群落组成随时间的变化可能导致占有-丰富度关系强度的波动。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Global Ecology and Biogeography 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

3.10%

发文量

170

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Global Ecology and Biogeography (GEB) welcomes papers that investigate broad-scale (in space, time and/or taxonomy), general patterns in the organization of ecological systems and assemblages, and the processes that underlie them. In particular, GEB welcomes studies that use macroecological methods, comparative analyses, meta-analyses, reviews, spatial analyses and modelling to arrive at general, conceptual conclusions. Studies in GEB need not be global in spatial extent, but the conclusions and implications of the study must be relevant to ecologists and biogeographers globally, rather than being limited to local areas, or specific taxa. Similarly, GEB is not limited to spatial studies; we are equally interested in the general patterns of nature through time, among taxa (e.g., body sizes, dispersal abilities), through the course of evolution, etc. Further, GEB welcomes papers that investigate general impacts of human activities on ecological systems in accordance with the above criteria.