Correlation analysis on the association of composite dietary antioxidant index with serum cotinine levels in the general adult population

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2025.112687

Ning Zhu M.D. , Zhongbo Chen M.D. , Xuechan Yu M.D., Jingjing Hu M.D., Linfeng Wang M.D., Chao Cao Ph.D.

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2020) to explore the relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and serum cotinine levels among US adults.

Methods

A total of 41 132 participants were included after exclusions. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), incorporating vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids, was derived from 24-hour dietary recalls. Associations were assessed using multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum models.

Results

Higher CDAI quartiles were significantly associated with lower serum cotinine levels in the overall population, indicated by a β coefficient of –0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.51, –0.33). Subgroup analyses revealed that Quartile 4 showed an inverse association with serum cotinine levels compared to Quartile 1 (β = –0.34, 95% CI: –0.45, –0.23; P < 0.001) among never-smokers, with stronger effects observed among former and current smokers. Specifically, among former smokers, Quartile 4 exhibited a β coefficient of –0.53 (95% CI: –0.77, –0.30; P < 0.001), and among current smokers (n = 8280), Quartile 4 had a β coefficient of –0.44 (95% CI: –0.58, –0.30; P < 0.001). Importantly, no significant interaction was observed between CDAI and smoking status. Weighted quantile sum analysis demonstrated a negative association between combined antioxidant intake and cotinine levels (β = –0.073 [–0.087, –0.059], P < 0.001), with vitamin A exerting the most significant influence (36.30%).

Conclusions

Higher dietary antioxidant intake, particularly vitamin A, is associated with lower serum cotinine levels, suggesting potential protective effects against tobacco exposure in US adults. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to examine the potential role of dietary antioxidants in mitigating the effects of tobacco exposure.

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来源期刊

Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

2.30%

发文量

300

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： Nutrition has an open access mirror journal Nutrition: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. Founded by Michael M. Meguid in the early 1980''s, Nutrition presents advances in nutrition research and science, informs its readers on new and advancing technologies and data in clinical nutrition practice, encourages the application of outcomes research and meta-analyses to problems in patient-related nutrition; and seeks to help clarify and set the research, policy and practice agenda for nutrition science to enhance human well-being in the years ahead.