Correlation analysis on the association of composite dietary antioxidant index with serum cotinine levels in the general adult population

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2025.112687

Ning Zhu M.D. , Zhongbo Chen M.D. , Xuechan Yu M.D., Jingjing Hu M.D., Linfeng Wang M.D., Chao Cao Ph.D.

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Abstract

Objectives

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2020) to explore the relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and serum cotinine levels among US adults.

Methods

A total of 41 132 participants were included after exclusions. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), incorporating vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids, was derived from 24-hour dietary recalls. Associations were assessed using multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum models.

Results

Higher CDAI quartiles were significantly associated with lower serum cotinine levels in the overall population, indicated by a β coefficient of –0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.51, –0.33). Subgroup analyses revealed that Quartile 4 showed an inverse association with serum cotinine levels compared to Quartile 1 (β = –0.34, 95% CI: –0.45, –0.23; P < 0.001) among never-smokers, with stronger effects observed among former and current smokers. Specifically, among former smokers, Quartile 4 exhibited a β coefficient of –0.53 (95% CI: –0.77, –0.30; P < 0.001), and among current smokers (n = 8280), Quartile 4 had a β coefficient of –0.44 (95% CI: –0.58, –0.30; P < 0.001). Importantly, no significant interaction was observed between CDAI and smoking status. Weighted quantile sum analysis demonstrated a negative association between combined antioxidant intake and cotinine levels (β = –0.073 [–0.087, –0.059], P < 0.001), with vitamin A exerting the most significant influence (36.30%).

Conclusions

Higher dietary antioxidant intake, particularly vitamin A, is associated with lower serum cotinine levels, suggesting potential protective effects against tobacco exposure in US adults. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to examine the potential role of dietary antioxidants in mitigating the effects of tobacco exposure.

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普通成人膳食复合抗氧化指数与血清可替宁水平的相关性分析

目的：本研究利用1999-2020年美国国家健康与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey）的数据，探讨美国成年人膳食抗氧化剂摄入量与血清可替宁水平之间的关系。方法排除后共纳入41 132例受试者。复合膳食抗氧化指数（CDAI），包括维生素A、C和E、锌、硒和类胡萝卜素，来源于24小时的饮食回顾。使用多元线性回归和加权分位数和模型评估相关性。结果较高的CDAI四分位数与总体人群中较低的血清可替宁水平显著相关，β系数为-0.42（95%可信区间[CI]: -0.51, -0.33）。亚组分析显示，与四分位数1相比，四分位数4与血清可替宁水平呈负相关(β = -0.34, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.23；P & lt;0.001)，在曾经和现在的吸烟者中观察到更强的影响。具体来说，在戒烟者中，四分位数4的β系数为-0.53 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.30；P & lt;0.001)，而在当前吸烟者中（n = 8280），四分位数4的β系数为-0.44 (95% CI: -0.58, -0.30；P & lt;0.001)。重要的是，CDAI与吸烟状态之间没有明显的相互作用。加权分位数和分析显示，联合抗氧化剂摄入量与可替宁水平呈负相关(β = -0.073 [-0.087, -0.059], P <；0.001)，其中维生素A的影响最为显著（36.30%）。结论较高的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量，特别是维生素A，与较低的血清可替宁水平有关，提示美国成年人对烟草暴露有潜在的保护作用。未来的研究应该集中在纵向研究上，以检验饮食抗氧化剂在减轻烟草暴露影响方面的潜在作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

2.30%

发文量

300

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： Nutrition has an open access mirror journal Nutrition: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. Founded by Michael M. Meguid in the early 1980''s, Nutrition presents advances in nutrition research and science, informs its readers on new and advancing technologies and data in clinical nutrition practice, encourages the application of outcomes research and meta-analyses to problems in patient-related nutrition; and seeks to help clarify and set the research, policy and practice agenda for nutrition science to enhance human well-being in the years ahead.