Effects of deep ocean-derived magnesium-enhanced water on metabolic diseases with microbiome changes

Abstract

Aims

To investigate the effects of magnesium (Mg) from deep ocean sources, we conducted a randomized clinical trial involving adults with hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia.

Methods

Subjects consumed either Mg-enriched water (MEW) or a placebo (80 or 6 mg of Mg per 2 L/day, respectively) for 4 weeks. We examined the detoxifying effects of MEW on environmental toxicants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidative stress, and its impact on gut microbiome composition (N = 30; 49.26 ± 9.55 yrs).

Results

Most subjects consumed less Mg than the RDA, enabling their participation in the trial. Despite limitations in serum Mg measurement to assess Mg intake, MEW intake led to improvements in body mass index (BMI), insulin levels, triglycerides, glucose-BMI, and fatigue. Regardless of Mg content, water consumption reduced urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene, a major PAH metabolite, and malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress biomarker. Moreover, the MEW group exhibited greater diversity in gut microbiome composition than the placebo group. Notably, MEW kept the abundance of Clostridium, Dorea, or Desulfovibrio, indicating a balanced Mg intake.

Conclusion

MEW (80 mg of Mg/day) appears safe for RDA and effective for preventing CVD or T2DM, as evidenced by gut microbiome and biomarker outcomes.