Enhanced therapy for diabetic neuropathy utilizing venlafaxine hydrochloride-loaded transferosome-based transdermal gel

Abstract

Diabetic neuropathy (DN), a prevalent and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly impairs the quality of life. Venlafaxine hydrochloride (VXH), a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, offers potential for DN management but suffers from poor oral bioavailability and systemic side effects. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a VXH-loaded transferosome-based transdermal gel to address these limitations. Transferosomes, ultra-deformable vesicles, were optimized using response surface methodology to achieve an entrapment efficiency of 92.64 % and vesicle size of 165.8 nm. Comprehensive characterization confirmed high stability, enhanced drug release (87.66 % in 24 h), and superior permeation profiles. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated prolonged drug retention and improved bioavailability compared to conventional formulations. Pharmacodynamic evaluations in diabetic neuropathy models revealed significant alleviation of neuropathic pain, supported by histopathological evidence of nerve integrity restoration. These findings underscore the potential of VXH-loaded transferosome gels as a non-invasive, patient-friendly alternative for DN management, offering enhanced therapeutic outcomes with reduced systemic exposure. Clinical translation of this innovative delivery system could revolutionize DN therapy.