Design of thermally triggered triple-shape memory ternary polymer blends for 4D printing applications

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106188

Emre Tekay , Betül Aybakan , Vahap Uygar Aslan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

4D printing represents an emerging technology that has developed from the combination of shape memory polymers (SMPs) with additive manufacturing techniques. Shape memory polymers are members of the smart materials family and have the capability to change their shape in response to a stimulus. Thermo-responsive triple-SMPs possess the capability to maintain two distinct temporary shapes and can transition between these shapes when exposed to heat. This study introduces novel ternary polymer blends incorporating ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), maleic anhydride grafted poly(styrene-b-ethylene-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS-MA), and poly(butyl-co-isobutyl methacrylate) (PBMA-PiBMA) polymers, which exhibit thermo-responsive triple-shape memory properties at 40 °C and 80 °C. The SEBS-MA/EVA/PBMA-PiBMA ternary blend with 30/40/30 composition showed optimal triple-shape memory performance, exhibiting 92.3 % first shape fixing, 88.0 % second shape fixing, 90.5 % first shape recovery and 100 % second shape recovery ratios. The same blend also demonstrated a dual shape memory effect at 80 °C, achieving a shape fixing ratio of 98.6 % and a shape recovery performance of 100 %. Filament of the polymer blend was produced to be used in 3D printers. Using this filament, a hinge, a daisy, a stent, and a robotic gripper were created for use in different 4D printing applications. The 4D-printed objects produced from the ternary blend filament show two-way shape recovery at 40 °C and 80 °C.

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来源期刊

Reactive & Functional Polymers 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

259

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Reactive & Functional Polymers provides a forum to disseminate original ideas, concepts and developments in the science and technology of polymers with functional groups, which impart specific chemical reactivity or physical, chemical, structural, biological, and pharmacological functionality. The scope covers organic polymers, acting for instance as reagents, catalysts, templates, ion-exchangers, selective sorbents, chelating or antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, sensors, membranes, and hydrogels. This also includes reactive cross-linkable prepolymers and high-performance thermosetting polymers, natural or degradable polymers, conducting polymers, and porous polymers. Original research articles must contain thorough molecular and material characterization data on synthesis of the above polymers in combination with their applications. Applications include but are not limited to catalysis, water or effluent treatment, separations and recovery, electronics and information storage, energy conversion, encapsulation, or adhesion.