Exploring interlinkages in land, energy, and water in cooking and agriculture sectors: A case study in Kenya

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS
Roberto Heredia-Fonseca, Francesco Gardumi, Will Usher
{"title":"Exploring interlinkages in land, energy, and water in cooking and agriculture sectors: A case study in Kenya","authors":"Roberto Heredia-Fonseca,&nbsp;Francesco Gardumi,&nbsp;Will Usher","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100366","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study contributes to the Climate, Land, Energy, and Water system (CLEWs) framework by developing an integrated model for Kenya capturing the interdependencies between climate, land, energy, and water systems. Focusing on cooking and crop production, it examines their contributions to land use changes, mainly deforestation, and emissions. We evaluate three scenarios—BAU, SC1, and SC2- that target clean cooking transitions and reduced crop imports, covering seven crops representing 72 % of Kenya's cultivated area. We detail the challenges of gathering data to populate such a model through document examination and literature review, and we identified uncertain input parameters. Results show that forest loss from cooking varies with the fraction of non-renewable biomass (fNRB). Under BAU, forest cover loss could range from 300 km² at an fNRB of 0.3 to 900 km² at 0.9. Scenarios SC1 and SC2 mitigate these impacts through cleaner cooking solutions. By 2050, under the clean cooking scenario (SC2), LPG stoves could achieve up to 96 % penetration, reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions to 8.3 MTon and PM<sub>2.5</sub> to 0.8 kTon, compared to high emissions in the BAU scenario dominated by wood and charcoal stoves. In agriculture, land use expands by 56 %, 69 %, and 33 % across the scenarios, while fossil fuel use rises from 2.46 PJ to 5.9 PJ by 2050, increasing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, from 183 kTon to 436 kTon. The findings highlight the need for integrated policies promoting clean cooking, sustainable agriculture, and deforestation mitigation. This integrated CLEWs approach provides actional insights for reducing deforestation and emissions in energy and agriculture sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy nexus","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000075","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study contributes to the Climate, Land, Energy, and Water system (CLEWs) framework by developing an integrated model for Kenya capturing the interdependencies between climate, land, energy, and water systems. Focusing on cooking and crop production, it examines their contributions to land use changes, mainly deforestation, and emissions. We evaluate three scenarios—BAU, SC1, and SC2- that target clean cooking transitions and reduced crop imports, covering seven crops representing 72 % of Kenya's cultivated area. We detail the challenges of gathering data to populate such a model through document examination and literature review, and we identified uncertain input parameters. Results show that forest loss from cooking varies with the fraction of non-renewable biomass (fNRB). Under BAU, forest cover loss could range from 300 km² at an fNRB of 0.3 to 900 km² at 0.9. Scenarios SC1 and SC2 mitigate these impacts through cleaner cooking solutions. By 2050, under the clean cooking scenario (SC2), LPG stoves could achieve up to 96 % penetration, reducing CO2 emissions to 8.3 MTon and PM2.5 to 0.8 kTon, compared to high emissions in the BAU scenario dominated by wood and charcoal stoves. In agriculture, land use expands by 56 %, 69 %, and 33 % across the scenarios, while fossil fuel use rises from 2.46 PJ to 5.9 PJ by 2050, increasing CO2 emissions, from 183 kTon to 436 kTon. The findings highlight the need for integrated policies promoting clean cooking, sustainable agriculture, and deforestation mitigation. This integrated CLEWs approach provides actional insights for reducing deforestation and emissions in energy and agriculture sectors.
探索烹饪和农业部门土地、能源和水的相互联系:以肯尼亚为例
本研究通过为肯尼亚开发一个捕捉气候、土地、能源和水系统之间相互依赖关系的综合模型,为气候、土地、能源和水系统(CLEWs)框架做出贡献。报告以烹饪和作物生产为重点,考察了它们对土地利用变化(主要是森林砍伐)和排放的影响。我们评估了三个情景——bau、SC1和SC2,它们的目标是清洁烹饪过渡和减少作物进口,涵盖了占肯尼亚耕地面积72%的七种作物。我们通过文档检查和文献回顾详细说明了收集数据以填充这样一个模型的挑战,并且我们确定了不确定的输入参数。结果表明,蒸煮造成的森林损失随不可再生生物量(fNRB)比例的变化而变化。在BAU条件下,森林覆盖损失的范围从fNRB为0.3时的300平方公里到0.9时的900平方公里。方案SC1和SC2通过更清洁的烹饪解决方案减轻了这些影响。到2050年,在清洁烹饪情景(SC2)下,液化石油气炉具的渗透率可以达到96%,将二氧化碳排放量减少到830万吨,PM2.5减少到0.8千吨,而在以木材和木炭炉为主的BAU情景中,二氧化碳排放量很高。在农业方面,土地利用将分别增长56%、69%和33%,而到2050年,化石燃料的使用将从2.46 PJ增加到5.9 PJ,二氧化碳排放量将从183千吨增加到436千吨。研究结果强调需要制定促进清洁烹饪、可持续农业和减少森林砍伐的综合政策。这种综合的CLEWs方法为减少能源和农业部门的森林砍伐和排放提供了行动见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Energy nexus
Energy nexus Energy (General), Ecological Modelling, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Water Science and Technology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (General)
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
109 days
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信