Highly Pathogenic Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Influenza Virus in Seabirds in France, 2022–2023

IF 3.5 2区农林科学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI:10.1155/tbed/8895883

Francois-Xavier Briand, Loïc Palumbo, Claire Martenot, Pascale Massin, Martine Cherbonnel, Rachel Busson, Katell Louboutin, Angelina Orosco, Carole Guillemoto, Florent Souchaud, Isabelle Pierre, Edouard Hirchaud, Manon Tasset, Yannick Blanchard, Nolwenn Le Moal, Anne Van De Wiele, Audrey Schmitz, Eric Niqueux, Béatrice Grasland

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Abstract

In 2022, a very high number of wild bird deaths associated with the detection of highly pathogenic (HP) H5 avian influenza virus (AIV) lineage Gs/GD/96, clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were unusually observed in Europe between May and September, whereas prior to 2022 most of these HP H5 AIVs detected in wild birds in Europe were almost all detected between October and March and few between April and September. In France, wild birds affected by this virus during this unusual period were mainly seabirds, including larids and sulids. Although the abnormal mortalities in larids and sulids were reported simultaneously, sequencing of the complete genomes of the viruses identified in these seabirds showed that sulids are mainly infected with genotype EA-2020-C, whereas larids are mainly infected with genotype EA-2022-BB. The identification of these two genotypes, therefore, confirmed that there was no direct link between the abnormal mortality observed in sulids and the abnormal mortality observed in larids. These two seabird mortality events can also be distinguished by the evolutionary pattern of the number of detections. Indeed, sulid mortality associated with the EA-2020-C genotype was observed in France only between July and September, corresponding to a single epidemic wave, whereas larid mortality associated with the EA-2022-BB genotype began in France and Europe in May 2022 and then this genotype continued to spread among larids in France in the form of several successive epidemic waves until at least September 2023.

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来源期刊

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 农林科学-传染病学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

9.30%

发文量

350

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions): Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread. Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope. Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies. Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies). Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.