Palaeobiological and taphonomic analysis of a site hosting a cold-adapted fauna in Iberia: The Baio cave (Zestoa, Gipuzkoa, northern Iberian Peninsula)

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.008

Manuel Rodríguez-Almagro , Martin Arriolabengoa , Mónica Villalba de Alvarado , Diego Arceredillo , Julia Galán , Mónica Fernández-García , Jan van der Made , José Julián Esteban , Juan Luis Arsuaga , Joseba Rios-Garaizar , Nohemi Sala , Asier Gómez-Olivencia

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The study of cold-adapted faunas in Iberia is of great interest to palaeontologists because this peninsula represents the southernmost limit of the distribution in Western Europe of species such as mammoth, reindeer and woolly rhinoceros. Additionally, the direct dating of these palaeontological assemblages can provide important information regarding the palaeoecology of Palaeolithic humans. In this study, we examine the fossil assemblage recovered from the floor of the Baio cave (Zestoa, northern Iberia), which includes the remains of cold-adapted species. This site has yielded an assemblage that includes herbivores, carnivores and a small number of rodents. Our radiocarbon dating of the remains of a reindeer and a red deer yielded chronologies consistent with the Châtelperronian and Late Aurignacian occupations in the area, indicating a diachronic accumulation. Taphonomic observations suggest carnivores as being the main accumulation agents, with a minimal human contribution, along with the probable accumulation of some remains due to natural causes and/or the cave acting as a natural trap. This new evidence contributes to the existing records from other sites, such as Ekain and Mainea, suggesting severe climatic pulses during the transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic, which coincides with a complex pattern of Neandertal extinction and their replacement by modern humans.

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伊比利亚一处适应寒冷的动物群的古生物学和地学分析：Baio洞穴（伊比利亚半岛北部Gipuzkoa的Zestoa）

对伊比利亚适应寒冷的动物群的研究对古生物学家来说非常有兴趣，因为这个半岛代表了猛犸象、驯鹿和长毛犀牛等物种在西欧分布的最南端。此外，这些古生物组合的直接测年可以为旧石器时代人类的古生态学提供重要信息。在这项研究中，我们研究了从Baio洞穴（伊比利亚北部Zestoa）的底部恢复的化石组合，其中包括冷适应物种的遗骸。这个地点发现了一个包括食草动物、食肉动物和少量啮齿动物的组合。我们对一头驯鹿和一头马鹿的遗骸进行了放射性碳定年，得出的年代与该地区的特尔佩隆纪和奥里尼亚纪晚期的活动相一致，表明了历时性的积累。埋藏学观察表明，食肉动物是主要的积累媒介，人类的贡献很小，另外一些遗骸的积累可能是由于自然原因和/或洞穴作为天然陷阱。这一新证据有助于其他地点的现有记录，如埃凯恩和Mainea，表明从旧石器时代中期过渡到旧石器时代晚期的严重气候脉冲，这与尼安德特人灭绝并被现代人取代的复杂模式相吻合。

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来源期刊

Geobios 地学-古生物学

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Geobios publishes bimonthly in English original peer-reviewed articles of international interest in any area of paleontology, paleobiology, paleoecology, paleobiogeography, (bio)stratigraphy and biogeochemistry. All taxonomic groups are treated, including microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and ichnofossils. Geobios welcomes descriptive papers based on original material (e.g. large Systematic Paleontology works), as well as more analytically and/or methodologically oriented papers, provided they offer strong and significant biochronological/biostratigraphical, paleobiogeographical, paleobiological and/or phylogenetic new insights and perspectices. A high priority level is given to synchronic and/or diachronic studies based on multi- or inter-disciplinary approaches mixing various fields of Earth and Life Sciences. Works based on extant data are also considered, provided they offer significant insights into geological-time studies.