Noncommutative black hole in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley like massive gravity

Abstract

We examine the behavior of non-commutative Schwarzschild black holes in the context of massive gravity. According to the investigation, corresponding to a minimal mass, the black hole can have two horizons, one horizon, or no horizon at all. Our results imply the existence of a stable black hole remnant, whose mass can be uniquely calculated in terms of the non-commutative parameter $\theta$ and the graviton mass $m$. Thermodynamic features such as heat capacity and Hawking temperature are studied. We also examine a scalar linear perturbation on the black hole. Quasinormal frequencies are computed via Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) method with Padé improvement. All quasinormal frequencies considered in this work have a negative imaginary part. In the eikonal limit, we investigate the angular velocity and the Lyapunov exponent as a function of $M/\sqrt{\theta }$. Additionally, we explore the black hole’s shadow across various model parameters. Our findings indicate that non-commutativity leads to a reduction in the black hole’s shadow, with this effect exhibiting a nonlinear relationship. Furthermore, we observe that the inclusion of a massive graviton in the theory results in an increase in the black hole’s shadow radius, particularly at greater observer distances.