Prevalence and mortality of infective endocarditis in Kazakhstan: A nationwide epidemiological study (2018–2022)

Abstract

Background

Over the past two decades, the global incidence rate of Infective Endocarditis (IE) has increased significantly, reaching 7.0–14.3 cases per 100,000 individuals per annum. Concurrently, the three-month mortality rate has risen to nearly 40 %. Despite these alarming trends, the worldwide epidemiological profile of IE remains incomplete, mainly due to the lack of data from Central Asian countries. To address this gap, we have undertaken an in-depth analysis of the prevalence and mortality rates of IE in Kazakhstan.

Methods

Using a nationwide database, we identified the annual trends in prevalence and mortality from IE in Kazakhstan over 5 years. Cumulative survival and potential demographic and clinical predictors of mortality among 1061 patients with IE were evaluated.

Results

Between 2018 and 2022, the incidence rate of IE in Kazakhstan was 5.4 cases per 100,000 population per annum. 21.3 % of patients with IE required valve replacement. The peak in-hospital mortality rate was observed in 2021, reaching 27.8 %. Mortality rates were notably lower among patients who underwent surgery (OR 0.7; 95 % CI 0.48–0.92; p = 0.04).

Conclusions

In Kazakhstan, despite a relatively low incidence of IE, the mortality rate among patients remains alarmingly high. Our comprehensive epidemiological analysis provides critical insights into IE incidence and mortality trends in Kazakhstan, offering valuable data that can significantly enhance the understanding and management of IE across Central Asia.