Recent decline in Chinese alcohol production and consumption: Potential contributing factors and the role of globally recommended measures

IF 5.2 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Addiction Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1111/add.70007

Yi-lang Tang, Xuyi Wang, Wei Hao

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Abstract

Background and aim

Alcohol consumption in China poses significant public health challenges. Between 2005 and 2010, alcohol production and by implication, consumption, surged, leading to increased alcohol-related harms due to weak regulatory frameworks. This study examined recent patterns of alcohol consumption in China using public production data as a proxy.

Method

Statistical analysis was conducted using data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China on the production of beer, wine, and liquor, from the years 2009 to 2023.

Results

The production of liquor and wine in China increased from 7.1 and 0.96 million tons in 2009 to 13.6 and 1.14 million tons in 2016, respectively. Inferred alcohol per capita consumption (APC) rose from 4.38 L in 2009 to 6.45 L in 2016, representing a 47% increase. However, from 2016 onwards, alcohol production declined to 4.5 and 0.14 million tons for liquor and wine in 2023, respectively. Consequently, inferred APC decreased from 6.45 L to 2.85 L, an overall reduction of 55.8%.

Conclusions

Alcohol production and inferred consumption in China appear to have substantially declined since 2016. Potential factors contributing to this decline include stricter government policies, stricter market regulation and tax enforcement, public health campaigns, and demographic and cultural shifts. However, many global measures such as higher taxes, price controls, advertising restrictions, and a legal drinking age, have not been (adequately) implemented in China.

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最近中国酒精生产和消费的下降：潜在的影响因素和全球推荐措施的作用。

背景与目的：中国的酒精消费构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。2005年至2010年期间，酒精产量和消费量激增，由于监管框架薄弱，导致与酒精有关的危害增加。本研究使用公共生产数据作为代理，考察了中国最近的酒精消费模式。方法：采用中国国家统计局2009 - 2023年啤酒、葡萄酒和白酒生产数据进行统计分析。结果：中国白酒和葡萄酒的产量分别从2009年的710万吨和96万吨增加到2016年的1360万吨和114万吨。人均推断酒精消费量（APC）从2009年的4.38升上升到2016年的6.45升，增长了47%。然而，从2016年开始，2023年白酒和葡萄酒的酒精产量分别下降到450万吨和14万吨。因此，推断APC从6.45 L下降到2.85 L，总体降低55.8%。结论：自2016年以来，中国的酒精产量和推断消费量似乎大幅下降。造成这种下降的潜在因素包括更严格的政府政策、更严格的市场监管和税收执法、公共卫生运动以及人口和文化的转变。然而，许多全球性的措施，如高税收、价格控制、广告限制和法定饮酒年龄，在中国并没有（充分）实施。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Addiction 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

6.70%

发文量

319

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Addiction publishes peer-reviewed research reports on pharmacological and behavioural addictions, bringing together research conducted within many different disciplines. Its goal is to serve international and interdisciplinary scientific and clinical communication, to strengthen links between science and policy, and to stimulate and enhance the quality of debate. We seek submissions that are not only technically competent but are also original and contain information or ideas of fresh interest to our international readership. We seek to serve low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries as well as more economically developed countries. Addiction’s scope spans human experimental, epidemiological, social science, historical, clinical and policy research relating to addiction, primarily but not exclusively in the areas of psychoactive substance use and/or gambling. In addition to original research, the journal features editorials, commentaries, reviews, letters, and book reviews.