Recent Insights Into Insect Physiology and Biochemistry

Abstract

Insect physiology and biochemistry are foundational to understanding the intricate biological processes that govern one of Earth's most diverse and ecologically important groups of organisms, “the insects.” Many insects act as plant pests, causing significant damage to crops and forests, which has profound economic and ecological implications. On the other hand, insects play critical roles in ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and prey and serve as vectors of diseases that impact human health and agriculture. Exploring their physiological mechanisms—from respiration and digestion to sensory perception and reproduction— provides valuable insights into their adaptability and survival strategies. Moreover, insect biochemistry offers a window into unique metabolic pathways, enzyme functions, and molecular interactions that often differ significantly from those of vertebrates. This knowledge not only enhances our understanding of biodiversity and evolution but also informs the development of innovative approaches in pest management, biotechnology, and even biomedical research. By delving into the complex interplay of physiology and biochemistry in insects, we can uncover strategies to address global challenges while appreciating the marvels of these remarkable organisms.

The idea for this special issue (SI) was developed at the “Second International Molecular Plant Protection Congress (IMPPC2023- https://www.imppc2023.org/)” that was organized in Bursa, Türkiye, on May 15-18, 2023, with the theme “Innovations in Plant Protection.” IMPPC2023 hosted 782 participants from 24 countries, while 79 keynote speakers delivered invited talks. 41 global and local agriculture and biotechnology companies presented their products in the exhibition hall. The congress was a great success, which encouraged us to compile this SI “Recent Insights into Insect Physiology and Biochemistry.”

The current SI includes 11 research articles. Both keynote speakers of the IMPPC2023 and several other experts were invited to contribute to this issue. The SI focused on the recent fundamental & molecular & biochemical insights into insect physiological systems' structure and operation. Toxicological studies, as well as studies on microbial control and insect pathology, were also welcomed. As the development of alternatives to chemical insecticides in pest management has been an attractive research topic, such novel insecticidal molecules and their impact on insect physiological systems were also included.

In conclusion, this SI has explored the dynamic and multifaceted field of insect physiology and biochemistry, showcasing cutting-edge research and its applications in pest management, agriculture, and beyond. From the interplay of host-pathogen interactions to the molecular characterization of digestive and reproductive systems, this SI highlights the importance of understanding fundamental biological processes to address various research questions in insect physiology and biochemistry.

The investigations into resistance mechanisms and insecticidal molecule development underscore the potential of novel approaches, such as RNAi technology, nanoformulations, and the integration of metabolic and signaling pathways, in developing targeted and low-toxicity pest management strategies. Furthermore, the insights gained into calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and glycoalkaloid action provide promising directions for designing innovative biopesticides and enhancing the efficacy of existing control methods.

Looking ahead, interdisciplinary collaborations combining genomics, proteomics, structural biology, and advanced imaging techniques will advance our understanding of insect physiological systems and the background of biochemistry. These efforts will not only uncover new targets for pest control but also inspire the development of sustainable solutions to mitigate the adverse effects of pests while promoting the ecological and economic benefits insects provide in their diverse roles.

Umut Toprak: conceptualization, project administration, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing.

The author declares no conflicts of interest.