A Novel Method to Determine the Carbon Isotopic Composition of Inositol Hexaphosphate (Phytate) in Soil by Gas Chromatography–Combustion–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Rationale

Understanding the decomposition of inositol hexaphosphate (phytate), the dominant form of organic phosphorus (OP) in soil, is vital for studying phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the lack of multiple stable P isotopes complicates the study of phytate dynamics under natural conditions and over long periods.

Methods

A novel method is presented to determine the carbon isotopic composition of inositol in phytate using compound-specific isotope analysis. For this purpose, phytate was extracted from soil and purified via ion exchange chromatography, followed by dephosphorylation, derivatization, and analysis using GC-MS and GC-C-IRMS. Pure compounds were also analyzed to assess protocol efficiency, identify isotopic fractionations, and apply isotopic corrections due to derivatization.

Results

Phytate extracted from soil samples was identified using GC-MS chromatograms. Replicate analyses of the pure compounds indicated that the protocol is highly reproducible. The carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C) showed a high reproducibility, with values varying by less than 0.5‰ and with no detectable isotopic fractionation during sample preparation. The δ¹³C values of phytate in soil samples reflected the dominant vegetation type (C₃ or C₄) growing at the study site.

Conclusions

This study offers a novel approach of determining δ¹³C values of inositol of phytate in environmental samples, offering new opportunities to investigate and quantify OP dynamics based on stable carbon isotopes.