Spatiotemporal distribution and ecological hazards of microplastic pollution in soil water resources around a wastewater treatment plant and municipal solid waste site
Jaswant Singh , Brijesh Kumar Yadav , Stefan Krause
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Research into the relative contributions of microplastic (MP) sources to aquatic and terrestrial environments is essential for understanding their fate and transport which is a prerequisite for designing effective pollution management strategies. This study explores the spatial distribution, seasonal variations, and ecological hazards of MPs in surface water, groundwater, soil, sediment, and leachate matrices adjacent to municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage treatment plant (STP) sites in Northern India. Elevated MP concentrations were observed in leachate (283.22 ± 15.78 particles/L; pre-monsoon), whereas groundwater exhibited significantly reduced levels (10.75 ± 2.04 particles/L; pre-monsoon), indicating the attenuation efficiency and filtration potential of the subsurface zone. Seasonal variations revealed a dilution effect from monsoonal runoff, reducing MP concentrations. The identified MP shapes were predominantly fibers, followed by fragments, with transparent particles being the most common. The size distribution was dominated by smaller MPs (<0.3 mm), which exhibited a positive correlation with overall MP concentrations. The polymer types of MPs identified in the samples categorise the polymer hazard index (PHI) as a hazard level V (>1000) in all the samples indicating a high chemical risk in both the seasons. Similarly, the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed MP hotspots, particularly in soils near the MSW site, with concentrations reaching 53,580 ± 720 particles/kg emphasizing the vulnerability of terrestrial systems. This research highlights the importance of implementing effective waste management practices and provides valuable insights into the fate and transport of MPs by presenting strong evidence of MP movement from typical MSW/STP sites into adjacent land and water resources.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Contaminant Hydrology is an international journal publishing scientific articles pertaining to the contamination of subsurface water resources. Emphasis is placed on investigations of the physical, chemical, and biological processes influencing the behavior and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants in the unsaturated (vadose) and saturated (groundwater) zones, as well as at groundwater-surface water interfaces. The ecological impacts of contaminants transported both from and to aquifers are of interest. Articles on contamination of surface water only, without a link to groundwater, are out of the scope. Broad latitude is allowed in identifying contaminants of interest, and include legacy and emerging pollutants, nutrients, nanoparticles, pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, protozoa), microplastics, and various constituents associated with energy production (e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide).
The journal''s scope embraces a wide range of topics including: experimental investigations of contaminant sorption, diffusion, transformation, volatilization and transport in the surface and subsurface; characterization of soil and aquifer properties only as they influence contaminant behavior; development and testing of mathematical models of contaminant behaviour; innovative techniques for restoration of contaminated sites; development of new tools or techniques for monitoring the extent of soil and groundwater contamination; transformation of contaminants in the hyporheic zone; effects of contaminants traversing the hyporheic zone on surface water and groundwater ecosystems; subsurface carbon sequestration and/or turnover; and migration of fluids associated with energy production into groundwater.