Exploring geothermal energy as a sustainable source of energy: A systemic review

Charity M. Nkinyam , Chika Oliver Ujah , Christian O. Asadu , Daramy V.V. Kallon
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Abstract

Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source with potential to facilitate the world's transition to clean and sustainable energy. Despite its capabilities, geothermal energy currently accounts for barely 0.34 % of the global energy contribution. However, its ability to provide consistent and reliable electrical power especially for base load demand positions it as a competitive alternative to fossil fuels. The installed capacity of geothermal generation has increased from 9791 MWe in 2009 to 16,318 MWe by the end of 2023, with over 32 countries actively developing their geothermal resources. An in-depth literature review explores the evolution of geothermal energy as a clean energy option, illustrating its significant impact and the challenges it faces. To enhance its competitiveness relative to fossil fuels, which benefit from established support and subsidies, geothermal energy requires government backing in the form of favorable feed-in tariffs and preferential tax treatment. This review emphasizes geothermal energy's potential, extraction technologies, geothermal power plants, geothermal applications, and areas for further research. Additionally, it outlines current research initiatives and provides recommendations for stakeholders to promote geothermal energy as a vital component of a clean energy future.

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地热能作为可持续能源的探索:系统综述
地热能是一种可再生能源,具有促进世界向清洁和可持续能源过渡的潜力。尽管有这样的能力,地热能目前只占全球能源贡献的0.34%。然而,它能够提供稳定可靠的电力,特别是满足基本负荷需求,使其成为化石燃料的有竞争力的替代品。地热发电装机容量从2009年的9791兆瓦增加到2023年底的16318兆瓦,超过32个国家积极开发地热资源。深入的文献综述探讨了地热能作为一种清洁能源的发展,说明了它的重大影响和面临的挑战。地热能得益于现有的支持和补贴,为了提高其相对于化石燃料的竞争力,地热能需要政府以优惠的上网电价和优惠税收待遇的形式提供支持。本文着重介绍了地热能的潜力、开发技术、地热发电厂、地热能的应用以及今后的研究方向。此外,它概述了当前的研究计划,并为利益相关者提供建议,以促进地热能作为清洁能源未来的重要组成部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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