Recent increase in soil moisture levels concerning climate variability in the karst region of southwest China using wavelet coherence and multi-linear regression

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2025.02.002

Azfar Hussain , Huizeng Liu , Jianhua Cao , Hui Yang , Abolfazl Rezaei , Pei Wang , Qukan Luo , Mengxia Zhou , Zhong Liang

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Abstract

Classifying climate-induced variations in soil moisture (SM) is vital in the face of climate change to enhance vegetation restoration and decrease rocky desertification in karst areas. In this paper, the Monotonic Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope test are used to assess the changes in SM and regional climatic variables from 1981 to 2019 across the karst region of southwest China (KRSC) using the ERA5 SM at 0–7, 7–28 and 28–100 cm. By utilizing wavelet coherence and multi-linear regression (MLR), we assess the association of SM with local climatic factors and teleconnections. Our findings indicate increased SM, NDVI, temperature (TMP), and precipitation (PCP) from 2002 to 2019 in the KRSC. The combined variance of the first and second EOF for 0–7, 7–28, and 28–100 cm showed 55 %, 52 %, and 44 %, respectively. The findings revealed a dominant influence of PCP and sensible heat fluxes (SHF) in SM for 8–120 months (∼1–10 years) periodic cycles, whereas the teleconnections showed consistent patterns in karst and non-karst regions. For integrated factors, PCP + actual evapotranspiration (AET), NDVI + SHF and long-wave radiation (LWR) + SHF showed mean significant coherences between 0.70 and 0.80, whereas ENSO + PDO + NAO (0.71–0.76) explained high coherence in comparison to other combinations. The karst SM showed a significant correlation with PCP (0.63–0.89), LWR (0.59–0.77), and SHF (0.76–0.95), while non-karst exhibited a significant correlation with ENSO (0.07–0.49), PDO (0.16–0.41) and PNA (0.10–0.38) in all seasons. The MLR identified PCP, SHF and LWR as the leading influencing variables in the karst region, whereas PCP and LWR showed more influence in the non-karst region for 0–7 cm. Our findings give valuable insights regarding sustainable SM management to promote vegetation and reduce rocky desertification.

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基于小波相干和多元线性回归的西南喀斯特地区土壤水分水平近期上升与气候变率的关系

在气候变化背景下，对土壤水分变化进行分类对加强喀斯特地区植被恢复和减少石漠化具有重要意义。本文采用单调Mann-Kendall和Sen’s Slope检验方法，利用ERA5在0-7、7-28和28-100 cm高度的SM，评估了1981 - 2019年中国西南喀斯特地区（KRSC） SM和区域气候变量的变化。利用小波相干性和多线性回归（MLR）分析了SM与局地气候因子和遥相关的关系。研究结果表明，2002年至2019年，KRSC的SM、NDVI、温度（TMP）和降水（PCP）均有所增加。0-7 cm、7-28 cm和28-100 cm的第一和第二EOF的总方差分别为55%、52%和44%。研究结果表明，在8-120个月（~ 1-10年）的周期周期内，PCP和感热通量（SHF）对SM的影响占主导地位，而喀斯特和非喀斯特地区的远相关表现出一致的模式。综合因子中，PCP +实际蒸散发（AET）、NDVI + SHF和长波辐射(LWR) + SHF的平均相干性在0.70 ~ 0.80之间，而ENSO + PDO + NAO的相干性在0.71 ~ 0.76之间。喀斯特地区SM与PCP（0.63 ~ 0.89）、LWR（0.59 ~ 0.77）、SHF（0.76 ~ 0.95）呈显著相关，非喀斯特地区SM与ENSO（0.07 ~ 0.49）、PDO（0.16 ~ 0.41）、PNA（0.10 ~ 0.38）呈显著相关。在岩溶区，PCP、SHF和LWR是主要影响变量，而在0 ~ 7 cm非岩溶区，PCP和LWR的影响更大。我们的研究结果为可持续的SM管理提供了有价值的见解，以促进植被和减少石漠化。

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来源期刊

Gondwana Research 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

12.90

自引率

6.60%

发文量

298

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Gondwana Research (GR) is an International Journal aimed to promote high quality research publications on all topics related to solid Earth, particularly with reference to the origin and evolution of continents, continental assemblies and their resources. GR is an "all earth science" journal with no restrictions on geological time, terrane or theme and covers a wide spectrum of topics in geosciences such as geology, geomorphology, palaeontology, structure, petrology, geochemistry, stable isotopes, geochronology, economic geology, exploration geology, engineering geology, geophysics, and environmental geology among other themes, and provides an appropriate forum to integrate studies from different disciplines and different terrains. In addition to regular articles and thematic issues, the journal invites high profile state-of-the-art reviews on thrust area topics for its column, ''GR FOCUS''. Focus articles include short biographies and photographs of the authors. Short articles (within ten printed pages) for rapid publication reporting important discoveries or innovative models of global interest will be considered under the category ''GR LETTERS''.