Characterising the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein antibody response.

IF 14.3 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106436

Cca Noble, E McDonald, S Nicholson, S Biering-Sørensen, L F Pittet, A L Byrne, J Croda, M Dalcolmo, Mvg Lacerda, M Lucas, D J Lynn, C Prat Aymerich, P C Richmond, A Warris, N Curtis, N L Messina

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein antibodies can be used to detect the serological response to natural infection in those previously receiving a COVID-19 spike-based vaccine. Anti-N antibody responses can also be detected in those receiving inactivated whole SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccines, such as CoronaVac. We aimed to characterise antibody responses to the N protein following COVID-19 and following vaccination with CoronaVac.

Methods: Using participants from an international randomised controlled trial, we investigated the evolution of anti-N antibody responses over time in two separate groups: following COVID-19, or following vaccination with CoronaVac.

Results: In 212 participants who had COVID-19, the anti-N seroconversion rate was 96.9% in those infected following an incomplete course of COVID-19 (spike-based) vaccinations and 88.2% in those fully vaccinated. Anti-N antibody indices were highly variable between participants, and higher in participants who had more severe COVID-19 symptoms, were aged ≥60 years, were unvaccinated, had comorbidities and those resident in Brazil. Most participants remained seropositive after 12 months. In 317 separate participants, the anti-N seroconversion rate was 63.5% following CoronaVac vaccination, with variable antibody indices.

Conclusions: Anti-N responses to COVID-19 and CoronaVac are highly variable but persistent. A prior complete COVID-19 spike-based vaccination course reduced both anti-N seroconversion and antibody indices following COVID-19.

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

45.90

自引率

3.20%

发文量

475

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection publishes original papers on all aspects of infection - clinical, microbiological and epidemiological. The Journal seeks to bring together knowledge from all specialties involved in infection research and clinical practice, and present the best work in the ever-changing field of infection. Each issue brings you Editorials that describe current or controversial topics of interest, high quality Reviews to keep you in touch with the latest developments in specific fields of interest, an Epidemiology section reporting studies in the hospital and the general community, and a lively correspondence section.