K-Carrageenan-Tapioca Starch-Based Vegetable Capsules: A Sustainable Gelatin Alternative-Compounding and Characterization Study.

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of using kappa-carrageenan and hydroxypropylated tapioca starch as alternatives to traditional gelatin capsules in pharmaceutical applications. Nine formulations are developed and optimized based on viscosity, appearance, and loss on drying. The process involves a rotary die method for encapsulation, followed by characterization including SEM analysis, moisture content, and stability assessment. The optimized formulation (F8) demonstrates clear description, appropriate viscosity (11035 cps), and acceptable loss on drying (33.5%). Physical characterization reveals consistent capsule dimensions and moisture content within acceptable ranges. Disintegration and drug release studies indicate promising performance, with capsules dissolving within 15 minutes and achieving 99.23% drug release in 60 minutes. Stability testing confirms the suitability of the optimized formulations for pharmaceutical use.