Comparative study of paleoflood slackwater deposits in the Yarlung Zangbo and Hanjiang Rivers, China

IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Shuaihu Wu, Xudong Fu, Jiangli Pang, Chunchang Huang
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Abstract

Paleoflood slackwater deposits have recently been investigated in small to moderately sized rivers. However, our understanding of the characteristics of paleoflood slackwater deposits in large rivers remains limited, which poses a notable obstacle to accurately predicting the magnitude, frequency and force of extraordinary floods. To address this research gap, this study compares the characteristics of paleoflood slackwater deposits in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) and the upper Hanjiang River in China. Paleoflood slackwater deposits and aeolian deposits (e.g. loess, paleosol S0 and aeolian sand) were investigated and sampled from these locations. For the paleoflood slackwater deposits and aeolian deposits, sedimentology (e.g. grain size distribution, magnetic susceptibility and geochemical elements) was analyzed in the laboratory. The macroscopic features of the paleoflood slackwater deposits in the middle YZR valley are very similar to those of the upper Hanjiang River valley. The paleoflood slackwater deposits were dominated by sand and silt in the middle YZR and by silt and sand in the upper Hanjiang River; this implied that the paleoflood slackwater deposits were suspended sediments of floodwater from different source regions. Compared with the paleoflood slackwater deposits in the upper Hanjiang River and other large rivers in China (e.g. the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers), the paleoflood slackwater deposits contained more coarse particles in the middle YZR; this result may be closely related to the particular hydrogeologic and geomorphic conditions (e.g. rich sandy sediment, high riverbed slope and narrow valley) in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Compared with the paleoflood slackwater deposits in the upper Hanjiang River, the paleoflood slackwater deposits presented considerably worse sorting in the middle YZR; this may be closely related to the short transport distance in the middle YZR. The magnetic susceptibility values of the paleoflood slackwater deposits were relatively higher in the middle YZR and the upper Hanjiang River, suggesting that these slackwater deposits with minimal pedogenesis may contain a relatively high ferromagnetic mineral content because of the formation process of slackwater deposits. The sediment provenance of the paleoflood slackwater deposits may be closely related to that of the loess in the middle YZR valley, which implies that the sediment provenance of deposits of different genetic types may be greatly affected by the particular hydrologic–climatic and geomorphic conditions in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.

雅鲁藏布江与汉江古洪水淡水沉积对比研究
近年来,人们对中小河流的古洪水淡水沉积物进行了研究。然而,我们对大型河流古洪水淡水沉积特征的认识仍然有限,这对准确预测特大洪水的震级、频率和强度构成了明显的障碍。为了弥补这一研究空白,本研究对比了中国雅鲁藏布江中游和汉江上游古洪水淡水沉积特征。对这些地区的古洪水平流沉积物和风积沉积物(如黄土、古土壤50和风积沙)进行了调查和采样。对古洪水平流沉积和风成沉积进行了粒度分布、磁化率、地球化学元素等沉积学分析。YZR中游河谷古洪水淡水沉积的宏观特征与汉江上游河谷非常相似。古洪水平流沉积在长江中游以泥沙为主,在汉江上游以泥沙为主;这表明古洪水淡水沉积物是不同源区洪水的悬浮沉积物。与汉江上游和中国其他大河(如黄河和长江)的古洪水滞流沉积物相比,YZR中部的古洪水滞流沉积物含有更多的粗颗粒;这一结果可能与青藏高原东南部特殊的水文地质地貌条件(富沙质沉积、河床坡度高、河谷狭窄)密切相关。与汉江上游的古洪水平流沉积相比,YZR中部的古洪水平流沉积分选性明显较差;这可能与YZR中部输运距离短密切相关。YZR中部和汉江上游的古洪水平流沉积物磁化率较高,表明这些沉积作用最小的平流沉积物可能因其形成过程而具有较高的铁磁性矿物含量。古洪水平流沉积物的物源可能与YZR河谷中部黄土的物源密切相关,这表明青藏高原东南部特殊的水文气候和地貌条件可能对不同成因类型沉积物的物源有很大影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of Quaternary Science
Journal of Quaternary Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
8.70%
发文量
82
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Quaternary Science publishes original papers on any field of Quaternary research, and aims to promote a wider appreciation and deeper understanding of the earth''s history during the last 2.58 million years. Papers from a wide range of disciplines appear in JQS including, for example, Archaeology, Botany, Climatology, Geochemistry, Geochronology, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics, Glaciology, Limnology, Oceanography, Palaeoceanography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Palaeontology, Soil Science and Zoology. The journal particularly welcomes papers reporting the results of interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary research which are of wide international interest to Quaternary scientists. Short communications and correspondence relating to views and information contained in JQS may also be considered for publication.
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