Cryodistribution System for Superconducting Tokamak Magnets

Abstract

The ITER Tokamak, equipped with large-scale superconducting (SC) magnets, requires cryogenic conditions sustained by helium coolant. The operation of these magnets presents significant challenges from the perspective of the helium cryogenic system. These challenges not only include substantial heat loads and their variations, leading to rapid pressure fluctuations in the process helium but also localized nuclear heating effects on the SC coils during the D-T fusion reactions to be managed by the cryogenic system for the safe operation of the magnets. To address these issues economically while ensuring operational stability and reliability, continuous modifications have been implemented throughout the design phases of the cryogenic system. In this proceeding, we provide a comprehensive summary of the design activities to date, offering an overview of how the ITER cryogenic system effectively manages and mitigates the challenges associated with the SC magnets while ensuring cost-effective operation.